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mathematics
linear algebra
Discovering Advanced Algebra An Investigative Approach 1st edition Jerald Murdock, Ellen Kamischke, Eric Kamischke - Solutions
If the probability of success for each trial is .25 and all trials are independent, then a. What is the probability of failure for a single trial? b. What is the probability of two successes in two trials? c. What is the probability of n successes in n trials? d. What is the probability that there
Return to the expanded table after Example B on page 713.a. Fill in the missing probability in the "exactly" row. b. Find the two missing probabilities in the "at most" row. For example, to find the probability that at most 2 birds survive, you could find the sum of the probabilities of 0, 1, and 2
Answer each probability question. a. List the equally likely outcomes if a coin is tossed twice. b. List the equally likely outcomes if two coins are tossed once. c. Draw a tree diagram that illustrates the answers to 6a and b. d. Describe the connection between the expressions 2C0 = 1, 2C1 = 2,
Expand each binomial expression. a. (x + y)4 b. (p + q)5 c. (2x + 3)3 d. (3x - 4)4
A survey of 50 people shows that only 10 support a new traffic circle. a. Which term of (p + q)50 would correspond to the results of this sample? b. What inequality does p satisfy if the probability that 10 of the 50 are supporters is more than the probability that 11 are supporters? c. What
Dr. Miller is using a method of treatment that is 97% effective. a. What is the probability that there will be no failure in 30 treatments? b. What is the probability that there will be fewer than 3 failures in 30 treatments? c. Let x represent the number of failures in 30 treatments. Write an
Find the height of one grid box on the y-scale so that the area is 1.Answer Exercises 1-4 on page 729 for each probability distribution below.
Sketch a relative frequency histogram to fit each set of conditions. You may want to sketch these using the squares on graph paper to be certain you have a total area of 1. Label each axis with an appropriate scale. a. The data values are continuous from 0 to 10. The mean and median are the same
Describe a data set that might produce each of these continuous distribution graphs. Indicate the range of values on the x-axis.a.b. c.
This table lists the ages of the presidents and vice presidents of the United States when they first took office.a. Enter the two separate lists of data into your calculator and calculate the mean the standard deviation, s, the median, and the IQR for each list. Compare the data sets based on
In order to provide better service, a customer service call center investigated the hang-up rates of people who called in for help on a recent evening. These data were collected.a. Make a table showing the probability distribution of the random variable x, where x represents the duration of the
Consider the number of heads, x, when 15 fair coins are all tossed at once.a. Use binomial expansion to find the probability distribution for P(x). Then calculate the theoretical results for 500 trials of this experiment. Copy and complete the table below. Round off the frequencies in row 3 to
Suppose you roll a pair of standard six-sided dice five times. What is the probability of rolling a sum of 8 at least three times?
The line RT is tangent to a unit circle, and at Q. Point P makes one rotation around the unit circle every 20 seconds.a. Find an equation to model the distance QR over a 1-minute period, starting when point P overlaps point R. b. Graph the equation you found in 16a on your calculator.
A spinner is divided into ten equal sectors numbered 1 through 10 in random order. If you get an even number, you add that number to your score. If you get an odd number, you subtract that number from your score. The game is over when your score reaches either + 50 or - 50. How many spins do you
How is the area of a rectangle affected when its length is doubled and its width is halved? How is the area of a triangle affected when its base is doubled and its height is halved? How are the area of a rectangle and triangle affected when their horizontal dimensions are multiplied by 3 and their
Find the probability that a randomly chosen value will be less than 3.Answer Exercises 1-4 on page 729 for each probability distribution below.
Draw a probability distribution for each histogram below. Try to keep the area under the curve the same as the area under the histogram.a.b.
Suppose each person in your class selects a set of four numbers from 1 to 8 (repeats are allowed) and that each person calculates the mean of his or her own set. a. Sketch a possible histogram of these mean values. Explain the reasoning behind your histogram. b. Based on your histogram, estimate
Classify each statement as true or false and if false, explain why. a. The y-value of the mode in a probability distribution can never be more than 1. b. It is impossible to tell how many data values were used to create a probability distribution. c. The mean, median, and mode of a continuous
Imagine finding many random numbers from 0 to 1 and substituting them into each expression below. Sketch what you think the relative frequency histograms or probability distributions of the results would look like, and explain your reasoning. a. (random number)2 b. (random number)4 c. √random
Use statistics software or lists on your graphing calculator to investigate Exercise 8. In Exercise 8 Imagine finding many random numbers from 0 to 1 and substituting them into each expression below. Sketch what you think the relative frequency histograms or probability distributions of the results
The standard normal distribution equation, y = ab-x2, where a = √1/2π and b = √e. is equivalent to the calculator's built-in function n(x, 0, 1). a. Use a table or graph to verify that these functions are equivalent. b. Evaluate each function at x = 1.
Data collected from 493 women are summarized in the table.a. Find the mean and standard deviation of the heights, and sketch a histogram of the data. b. Write an equation based on the model y = ab-x2 that approximates the histogram. c. Find the equation for a normal curve using the height data.
The data at right show the pulse rates of 50 people.a. Find the mean and standard deviation of the data and sketch a histogram. b. Sketch a distribution that approximates the histogram. c. Find the equation of a normal curve using the pulse-rate data. d. Are these pulse rates normally distributed?
Ridge counts in fingerprints are approximately normally distributed with a mean of about 150 and a standard deviation of about 50. Find the probability that a randomly chosen individual has a ridge count Developed by researchers in Atsugi, Japan, a microchip scans a finger to identify a fingerprint
Paul, Kenyatta, and Rosanna each took one national language exam. Paul took the French exam and scored 88. Kenyatta took the Spanish exam and scored 84. Rosanna took the Mandarin exam and scored 91. The national means and standard deviations for the tests are as follows: French: μ = 72, σ =
In the expansion of (2x + y)12, what is the coefficient of the term containing y7?
Find the equation of a conic section that passes through the three points given at right if the conic section is a. A parabola. b. A circle.
From each equation, estimate the mean and standard deviation.a.b. c. d.
From each graph, estimate the mean and standard deviation.a.b. c. d.
Estimate the equation of each graph in Exercise 3.a.b. c. d.
The life spans of wild tribbles are normally distributed with a mean value of 1.8 years and a standard deviation of 0.8 year. Sketch the normal curve, and shade the portion of the graph showing tribble life spans of 1.0 to 1.8 years.William Shatner (b 1931) played Captain James T. Kirk in the
Assume that the mean height of an adult male gorilla is 5 ft 8 in., with a standard deviation of 7.2 in. a. Sketch the graph of the normal distribution of gorilla heights. b. Sketch the graph if, instead, the standard deviation were 4.3 in. c. Shade the portion of each graph representing heights
Frosted Sugar Squishies are packaged in boxes labeled "Net weight: 16 oz." The filling machine is set to put 16.8 oz in the box, with a standard deviation of 0.7 oz. a. Sketch a graph of the normal distribution of package weights. Shade the portion of the graph representing boxes that are below the
Makers of Sweet Sips 100% fruit drink have found that their filling machine will fill a bottle with a standard deviation of 0.75 oz. The control on the machine will change the mean value but will not affect the standard deviation. a. Where should they set the mean so that 90% of the bottles have at
The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. Water samples from different locations and depths of a lake usually have normally distributed pH values. The mean of those pH values, plus or minus one standard deviation, is defined to be the pH range of the lake. Lake Fishbegon has a
Trace the normal curve at right onto your paper. Add vertical lines demonstrating the 68-95-99.7 rule.
Fifty recent tests of an automobile's mileage indicate it averages 31 mi/gal with standard deviation 2.6 mi/gal. Assuming the distribution is normal, find the 95% confidence interval.
A commercial airline finds that, over the last 60 days, a mean of 207.5 ticketed passengers actually show up for a particular 7:24 A.M. flight. The standard deviation of their data is 12 passengers. a. Assuming this distribution is normal, find the 95% confidence interval. b. If the plane seats 225
The BB Manufacturing Company mass-produces ball bearings. The optimum diameter of a bearing is 45 mm, but records show that the diameters follow a normal distribution with mean 45 mm and standard deviation 0.05 mm. A diameter between 44.95 and 45.05 mm is acceptable. a. What percentage of the
A random-number generator selects a real number between 0 and 50, inclusive, according to the probability distribution at right. Find each value described.a. α b. P(a number is less than 30) c. P(a number is between 20 and 40) d. P(a number is 30) e. P(a number is 15) f. The median
Five hundred integer values, -3 through 3, are randomly selected (and replaced) from a hat containing tens of thousands of integers. The frequency table at right lists the results. Find these values. Value Frequency - 3 .................. 32 - 2 .................. 60 - 1 ................. 153 0
You are about to sign a long-term rental agreement for an apartment. You are given two options: Plan 1: Pay $400 the first month with a $4 increase each month Plan 2: Pay $75 the first month with a 2.5% increase each month a. Write a function to model the accumulated total you will pay over time
A set of normally distributed data has mean 63 and standard deviation 1.4. Find the z-value for each of these data values. a. 64.4 b. 58.8 c. 65.2 d. 62
A set of normally distributed data has mean 125 and standard deviation 2.4. Find the data value for each of these z-values. a. z = -1 b. z = 2 c. z = 2.9 d. z = - 0.5
a. Find the z-value for a trip that takes 66.1 min. b. Find the z-value for a trip that takes 55 min. c. Find the probability that the bus trip takes between 55 and 66.1 min.
A set of normally distributed data has mean 47 s and standard deviation 0.6 s. Find the percentage of data within these intervals: a. Between 45 and 47 s b. Greater than 1.5 s above or below the mean
Make a statement about the change in size of each new confidence interval. a. If you increase the size of your sample, then the confidence interval will ? b. If you increase your confidence from 90% to 99%, then the interval will ? c. If your sample has a larger mean, then the interval will ? d. If
From a population with mean 200 and standard deviation 12, find the probability of a. A value of 195 or less. b. A sample of size n = 4 with mean 195 or less. c. A sample of size n = 9 with mean 195 or less. d. A sample of size n = 36 with mean 195 or less.
Graph the equation y =20Cx (0.5)x(0.5)(20-x) on your calculator in a graphing window with friendly x-values, and turn off the axes. Describe this graph.
Graph the equation y = 20Cx(0.3)x(0.7)(20-x) on your calculator in a graphing window with friendly x-values, and turn off the axes. Describe this graph.
Consider the linear function f (x) = 16.8x + 405. a. Find f (-19.5). b. Find x such that f (x) = 501.096. c. Write the equations of the two parallel lines that are 2.4 units above and below the line y = f (x).
Find the median-median line for these data, and determine the root mean square error.
Every student in a large school measures the distance from the front door of the school to the flagpole using a meterstick. The results are normally distributed with mean 12.45 m and standard deviation 0.36 m. a. Find the z-value that corresponds to a measurement of 12.00 m. b. What is the
For each population and sample, determine what value of sample means would indicate a significant event two standard deviations from the population mean. a. μ = 80, σ = 10, sample size n = 25 b. μ = 130, σ = 6, sample size n = 36 c. μ = 18, σ = 2, sample size n = 64 d. μ = 0.52, σ = 0.1,
The "You Gotta Be Nutz" candy bar has mean weight 75.3 g and standard deviation 4.7 g. The manufacturer wants to avoid complaints that any single candy bar weighs far too little, so it decides to advertise a "minimum guaranteed weight."a. What weight should the manufacturer advertise if they want
A random sample of Brand X medication has a mean of 230 mg of its active ingredient. The standard deviation of the sample is 12 mg. Using the sample standard deviation as the population standard deviation, make a prediction of the actual population mean with a 95% confidence interval given these
A cookie company boasts an average of 20 chips per chocolate chip cookie. You doubt this claim, so you decide to test it. To start, you collect a random sample of 30 cookies and count the number of chips in each cookie. Your results are shown at right.a. Make a mathematical statement of what you
A biologist takes 300 water samples from a lake. He uses an indicator solution to find that 225 of the samples are in the pH range between 5.5 and 6.5. The mean pH is calculated to be 6.0. Estimate the standard deviation of the samples. Then sketch a graph of the pH distribution of the lake.
The number of automobile accidents per week in a small city were recorded for the first half of the year. The data collected are: {4, 2, 0, 2, 3, 2, 0, 10, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 6, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 0, 1, 4, 0, 0, 9, 3} a. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of these data. Is the accident data normally
A real estate development corporation wants to demolish an abandoned factory and build condominiums in its place. Before proceeding with this plan, the corporation tests the site for toxic contaminants. Fifty core samples are randomly collected from various locations around the site and analyzed
Approximate the correlation coefficient for each data set.a.b. c. d.
For each data set given in 10a and b, draw a scatter plot and find the correlation coefficient, r. State what this value of r implies about the data. a. {(0.3, 0.9), (0.4, 0.6), (0.6, 0.4), (1, 0.3), (1.4, 0.4), (1.6, 0.6), (1.7, 0.9), (0.3, 1.1), (0.4, 1.4), (0.6, 1.6), (1, 1.7), (1.4, 1.6), (1.6,
What is the slope of the line that passes through the point (4, 7) and is parallel to the line y = 12(x - 5) + 21?
Find an equation of the line passing through (4, 0) and (6, - 3).
Graph the equation y = log5 x.
On a car trip, your speed averages 50 km/h as you drive to your destination. You return by the same route and average 75 km/h. What's your average speed for the entire trip?
David wants to send his nephew a new 5-foot fishing pole. David wraps up the pole and takes it to Bob's Courier Service. But Bob's has a policy of not accepting any parcels longer than 4 feet. David returns an hour later with the fishing pole wrapped and sends it with no problem. How did he do it?
Sketch a graph of a data set with approximately these correlation coefficients. a. r = -.8 b. r = -.4 c. r = .4 d. r = .8
Copy and complete the table at right. Then answer 3a-d to calculate the correlation coefficient.a. What is the sum of the values for (x - )(y - )? b. What are and sx? c. What are and sy? d. Calculate e. What does this value of r tell you about the data? f. Draw a scatter plot to confirm your
In each study described, identify the explanatory and response variables. a. Doctors measured how well students learned finger-tapping patterns after various amounts of sleep. b. Scientists investigated the relationship between the weight of a mammal and the weight of its brain. c. A university
For each research finding, decide whether there is evidence of causation, correlation, or both. If it is only a correlation, name a possible lurking variable that may be the cause of the results. a. As the sales of television sets has increased, so has the number of overweight adults. Does
An environmental science class conducted a research project to determine whether there was a relationship between the soil pH, x, and the percent dieback of new growth, y, for a particular type of tree. The table below contains the data the class collected.a. Make a scatter plot of the data. b.
These data list the number of bound volumes, the annual circulation (the number of books that are checked out), and the annual operating cost for randomly selected public libraries in 2002. Each number in the table is in thousands.a. What is the correlation coefficient for number of volumes and
For each data set given in 9a-c, draw a scatter plot and find the correlation coefficient, r. State what this value of r implies about the data, and note any surprising results you find. a. {(0.5, 1), (0.6, 0.9), (0.7, 0.8), (0.8, 0.7), (0.9, 0.6)} b. {(0.5, 1), (0.6, 0.9), (0.7, 0.8), (0.8, 0.7),
Use these data to find the values specified.a. b. c. sx d. sy e. r
Explain how the root mean square error is related to the sum of the squares that is minimized by the least squares procedure. If the root mean square error is minimized, is the sum of the squares minimized as well?
This table shows the number of daily newspapers in the United States, the daily circulation, and the total U.S. population, for selected years.a. What is the correlation coefficient between the number of daily newspapers and the population? What does this mean? b. What is the correlation between
Write an equation that will produce the graph shown at right, with intercepts (5, 0), (2, 0), (1, 0), and (0, 60).
If you spin this spinner ten times, what is your expected score?
The Koch curve is a famous fractal introduced in 1906 by Swedish mathematician NielsFabian Helge von Koch (1870-1924). To create a Koch curve, follow these steps:i. Draw a segment and divide it into thirds.ii. Make a bottomless triangle on the middle portion, with each side the length of the
Use the data from Exercise 1 and the equation = −818.13 + 0.434571x to calculate a. The residuals b. The sum of the residuals c. The squares of the residuals d. The sum of the squares of the residuals e. The root mean square error
Use the equation = −818.13 + 0.434571x to predict a y-value for each x-value. a. x = 1954 b. x = 1978 c. x = 1989 d. x = 2004
Carbon tetrachloride is an ozone-depleting chemical found in the atmosphere. The table below shows the concentration of the chemical in parts per trillion (ppt) measured in the European Union.a. Make a scatter plot of the data, and find the least squares line to fit the data. b. Use your model to
In the 1990s, an upward trend was noticed in mean SAT math scores of college-bound seniors.a. Find the equation of the least squares line. Let x represent the year, and let y represent the mean SAT score. b. Is a linear model a good fit for these data? Justify your answer. c. Verify that the least
These data give the average daily maximum temperatures in April for various cities in North America, and the corresponding latitudes in degrees and minutes north.a. Find the equation of the least squares line. Let x represent the latitude, and let y represent the temperature. (You will need to
This table shows the percentage of females in the U.S. labor force at various times.a. Find the least squares line for these data. Let x represent the year, and let y represent the percentage. (Use 1900 as the reference year.) b. What is the real-world meaning of the slope? Of the y-intercept? c.
Name at least two major differences between the median-median method and the least squares method for finding a line of fit.
Sketch scatter plots of transformed data in the form specified.a. (x, y) b. (log x, y) c. (x, log y) d. (log x, log y) e. Which data appear to be the most linear?
These data show numbers of country radio stations and numbers of oldies radio stations for several years. Assuming the trends in the data continue, answer the questions that follow.a. How many country stations will there be in 2005? b. How many oldies stations will there be in 2005? c. When the
The data from Exercise 1 were gathered again the next day. After the experiment had run 24 hours, the y-values had dropped by nearly 20%. Subtract 20 from each y-value and create a scatter plot of a. (x, y) b. (log x, y) c. (x, log y) d. (log x, log y) e. Which data appear to be the most linear?
Use the data from Exercise 1 and find a. A quadratic (2nd degree) regression. b. A cubic (3rd degree) regression. c. A guartic (4th degree) regression. d. The root mean square error for each regression.
A cylindrical tanker truck has a volume of 50 m3 when it is full. The driver can use a stick to find the depth of the contents. The following information is known:a. Find a cubic model to estimate the volume for different depths. b. What is the root mean square error for the cubic model from 5a? c.
An additive to puppy food is shown to increase weight gain in underweight puppies when it is mixed with standard food. What mixture results in highest weight gain for the average puppy? Data are collected from a study of eight puppies fed with different percentages of additive.a. Find quadratic and
The speed of a computer has increased with time in a consistent way. In 1965, Dr. Gordon Moore (b 1929), a co-founder of Intel, noted that the number of transistors per square inch on integrated circuits seems to double approximately every 18 months. The table below shows the year of introduction
A set of data with a mean of 83 and a standard deviation of 3.2 is normally distributed. Find each value. a. One standard deviation above the mean b. One standard deviation below the mean c. Two standard deviations above the mean
If the probability of a snowstorm in July is .004, and the probability you will score an A in algebra is .75, then what is the probability of a snowstorm in July or an A in algebra?
Find the sums of each series. a. Find the sum of the first 12 odd positive integers. b. Find the sum of the first 20 odd positive integers. c. Find the sum of the first n odd positive integers.
A Detroit car rental business has a second outlet in Chicago. The company allows customers to make local rentals or one-way rentals to the other location. At the end of each month, one-eighth of the cars that start the month in Detroit will end up in Chicago, and one-twelfth of the cars that start
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