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statistics

Fundamentals Of Statistics 4th Edition Michael Sullivan III - Solutions

What is a bar graph? What is a Pareto chart?
The pie chart shown, the type we see in USA Today, depicts the approaches people use to avoid getting the ï¬‚u.(a) What is the most common approach? What percentage of the population chooses this method? (b) What is the least used approach? What percentage of the population chooses
USA Today€“type chart shows the most frequent cosmetic surgeries for women in 2009.(a) If women had 1.35 million cosmetic surgeries in 2009, what percent were for tummy tucks? (b) What percent were for nose reshaping? (c) How many surgeries are not accounted for in the graph?
The following Pareto chart represents Internet users in the top 10 countries as of June 2010.(a) Which country had the most Internet users in 2010? (b) Approximately how many Internet users did the United Kingdom have in 2010? (c) Approximately how many more users were in China than in Germany in
Every year the U.S. Census Bureau counts the number of people living in poverty. The bureau uses money income thresholds to deï¬ne poverty, so noncash beneï¬ts such as Medicaid and food stamps do not count toward poverty thresholds. For example, in 2009 the poverty
The following graph represents the results of a survey, conducted in May 2010, in which a random sample of adult Americans was asked, €œPlease tell me whether you personally believe that in general divorce is morally acceptable or morally wrong.€(a) What percent of the
Identity fraud occurs when someone else€™s personal information is used to open credit card accounts, apply for a job, receive beneï¬ts, and so on. The following relative frequency bar graph represents the various types of identity theft based on a study conducted by the
In a poll conducted July 27€“29, 2010, a random sample of 2163 adults (aged 18 and over) was asked, €œWhen you see an ad emphasizing that a product is €˜Made in America€™, are you more likely to buy it, less likely to buy it, or neither more nor less likely
In a poll conducted July 27€“29, 2010, a random sample of 2163 adults (aged 18 and over) was asked, €œGiven a choice of the following, which one would you most want to be?€ The results of the survey are presented in the side-by-side bar graph.(a) What proportion of
In a national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control to determine health-risk behaviors among college students, college students were asked, “How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else?” The frequencies were as follows:Response
In a national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control to determine health-risk behaviors among college students, college students were asked, “How often do you wear a seat belt when driving a car?” The frequencies were as follows:Response .......FrequencyI do not drive a car ...
The Gallup organization conducted a survey in which 1025 randomly sampled adult Americans were asked, “How much time, if at all, do you personally spend using the Internet—more than 1 hour a day, up to 1 hour a day, a few times a week, a few times a month or less, or never?” The results of
In a poll taken in April 2010, a sample of 521 adults was asked, “How often do you dine out?” The results of the survey are given in the table on the following page.(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution.(b) What proportion of those surveyed dine out once or twice a week?(c) Construct
A survey of U.S. adults and teens (ages 12â€“17) was administered by Pew Research April 29â€“May 30, 2010, to determine the number of texts sent in a single day.(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution for adults.(b) Construct a relative frequency distribution for teens.(c)
On the basis of the 2009 Current Population Survey, there were 94.5 million males and 102 million females 25 years old or older in the United States. The educational attainment of the males and females was as follows:.(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution for males.(b) Construct a
A survey of adult men and women asked, â€œWhich one of the following jobs would you most like to have?â€ The results of the survey are shown in the table.(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution for men and women.(b) Construct a side-by-side relative frequency bar graph.(c) What are
Automotive is a major supplier of paint to the automotive industry. A survey of 100 randomly selected autos in the luxury car segment and 100 randomly selected autos in the sports car segment that were recently purchased yielded the following colors.(a) Construct a relative frequency distribution
The table shows the gold medal winners in hockey in the Winter Olympics since 1920.(a) Construct a frequency distribution.(b) Construct a relative frequency distribution.(c) Construct a frequency bar graph.(d) Construct a relative frequency bar graph.(e) Construct a pie chart.
In a survey conducted by Opinion Research, participants were asked, â€œIf you had an â€˜X-ratedâ€™ bachelor party, would you tell your ï¬ancÃ© all, edit details, or say nothing?â€ The following data are based on their results.(a) Construct a frequency distribution.(b)
A survey was conducted by Wakeï¬eld Research in which participants were asked to disclose their favorite night to order takeout for dinner. The following data are based on their results.(a) Construct a frequency distribution.(b) Construct a relative frequency distribution.(c) If you own a
A phlebotomist draws the blood of a random sample of 50 patients and determines their blood types as shown:(a) Construct a frequency distribution.(b) Construct a relative frequency distribution.(c) According to the data, which blood type is most common?(d) According to the data, which blood type is
According to the Modern Language Association, the number of college students studying foreign language is increasing. The following data represent the foreign language being studied based on a simple random sample of 30 students learning a foreign language.(a) Construct a frequency distribution.(b)
The following table lists the presidents of the United States (as of October 2010) and their state of birth.(a) Construct a frequency bar graph for state of birth. (b) Which state has yielded the most presidents? (c) Explain why the answer obtained in part (b) may be misleading.
The following data represent the land area and highest elevation for each of the seven continents.(a) Would it make sense to draw a pie chart for land area? Why? If so, draw a pie chart.(b) Would it make sense to draw a pie chart for the highest elevation? Why? If so, draw a pie chart.
Suppose you need to summarize ordinal data in a bar graph. How would you arrange the categories of data on the horizontal axis? Is it possible to make the order of the data apparent in a pie chart?
Describe the circumstances in which a bar graph is preferable to a pie chart. When is a pie chart preferred over a bar graph? Are there circumstances in which a pie chart cannot be drawn, but a bar graph could be drawn? What are these circumstances?
An experiment was conducted in which two fair dice were thrown 100 times. The sum of the pips showing on the dice was then recorded. The following frequency histogram gives the results.(a) What was the most frequent outcome of the experiment? (b) What was the least frequent? (c) How many times did
A car salesman records the number of cars he sold each week for the past year. The following frequency histogram shows the results.(a) What is the most frequent number of cars sold in a week? (b) For how many weeks were two cars sold? (c) Determine the percentage of time two cars were sold. (d)
The following frequency histogram represents the IQ scores of a random sample of seventh-grade students. IQs are measured to the nearest whole number. The frequency of each class is labeled above each rectangle.(a) How many students were sampled?(b) Determine the class width.(c) Identify the
The frequency histogram in the next column represents the number of alcohol-related trafï¬c fatalities by state (including Washington, D.C.) in 2008 according to the National Highway Trafï¬c Safety Administration.(a) Determine the class width.(b) Identify the
For each variable presented, state whether you would expect a histogram of the data to be bell-shaped, uniform, skewed left, or skewed right. Justify your reasoning. (a) Annual household incomes in the United States (b) Scores on a standardized exam such as the SAT (c) Number of people living in a
For each variable presented, state whether you would expect a histogram of the data to be bell-shaped, uniform, skewed left, or skewed right. Justify your reasoning. (a) Number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week (b) Ages of students in a public school district (c) Ages of hearing-aid
The National Association of Home Builders in conjunction with Wells Fargo compiles a housing affordability index called the Housing Opportunity Index (HOI). The index represents the proportion of homes considered to be affordable according to standard mortgage practices for individuals earning the
The following time-series graph shows the annual U.S. motor vehicle production from 1990 through 2010.(a) Estimate the number of motor vehicles produced in the United States in 1991. (b) Estimate the number of motor vehicles produced in the United States in 1999. (c) Use your results from (a) and
The following time-series plot shows the annual unemployment and inï¬‚ation rates for the years 1988 through 2010.(a) Estimate the unemployment and inï¬‚ation rates for 1992. (b) Estimate the unemployment and inï¬‚ation rates for 2009. (c) The misery index
The following time-series plot shows the prize money (in pounds) awarded at the Wimbledon Tennis Championship to the winners of the men€™s singles and ladies€™ singles competitions from 1995 through 2011.(a) Estimate the prize money awarded to each for men€™s and
To predict future enrollment, a local school district wants to know the number of children in the district under the age of 5. Fifty households within the district were sampled, and the head of household was asked to disclose the number of children under the age of 5 living in the household. The
A basketball player habitually makes 70% of her free throws. In an experiment, a researcher asks this basketball player to record the number of free throws she shoots until she misses. The experiment is repeated 50 times. The following table lists the distribution of the number of free throws
Legend: 1|0 represents 10Determine the original set of data.
Legend: 1|2 represents 1.2Determine the original set of data.
Legend: 12|3 represents 12.3Determine the original set of data.
The following data represent the tuition for all 2-year public community colleges in California in 2009–2010. Tuition (dollars) ... Number of Community Colleges 775–799 ....... 22 800–824 ....... 68 825–849 ....... 15 850–874 ....... 5 875–899 ....... 0 900–924 .......
The following data represent the number of earthquakes worldwide in 2010 with magnitudes less than 9.0 (as of October 15, 2010). Magnitude .... Number 0–0.9 ....... 22 1.0–1.9 ....... 22 2.0–2.9 ....... 3201 3.0–3.9 ....... 3332 4.0–4.9 ....... 7276 5.0–5.9
The following data represent the number of live births in the United States in 2007 for women 15 to 49 years old. Age .... Live Births 15–19 .... 445,045 20–24 .... 1,082,837 25–29 .... 1,208,405 30–34 .... 962,179 35–39 .... 499,916 40–44 .... 105,071 45–49 ....
The following data represent the fall 2009 student headcount enrollments for all public community colleges in the state of Illinois. Number of Students Number of Enrolled ........ Community Colleges 0–4,999 ........... 17 5,000–9,999 ........ 18 10,000–14,999 ........ 7 15,000–19,999
Using the data in Problem 25, what percentage of California community colleges have tuition below $800? What percentage of California community colleges have tuition of $850 or more?Tuition (dollars) ...Number ofCommunity Colleges775–799 .......22800–824 .......68825–849 .......15850–874
Using the data in Problem 26, what percentage of earthquakes registered 4.0 to 4.9? What percentage of earthquakes registered 4.9 or less?Magnitude ....Number0–0.9 ....... 221.0–1.9 ....... 222.0–2.9 .......32013.0–3.9 .......33324.0–4.9 .......72765.0–5.9 .......14306.0–6.9 .......
Using the data in Problem 27, what percentage of live births was to women 40 to 44 years old? What percentage of live births was to women 24 years or younger?Age ....Live Births15–19 .... 445,04520–24 ....1,082,83725–29 ....1,208,40530–34 .... 962,17935–39 .... 499,91640–44 ....
Using the data in Problem 28, what percentage of public community colleges in Illinois enrolled between 5000 and 9999 students? What percentage of public community colleges in Illinois enrolled 15,000 or more students?Number of StudentsNumber ofEnrolled ........Community Colleges0–4,999
A researcher with A. C. Nielsen wanted to determine the number of televisions in households. He conducts a survey of 40 randomly selected households and obtains the following data.(a) Are these data discrete or continuous? Explain.(b) Construct a frequency distribution of the data.(c) Construct a
The following data represent the number of customers waiting for a table at 6:00 p.m. for 40 consecutive Saturdays at Bobakâ€™s Restaurant.(a) Are these data discrete or continuous? Explain.(b) Construct a frequency distribution of the data.(c) Construct a relative frequency distribution of
The following data represent the per capita (average) disposable income (income after taxes) for the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2009.With the ï¬rst class having a lower class limit of 30,000 and a class width of 6000:(a) Construct a frequency distribution. (b) Construct a
The following data represent the percentage of people without health insurance for the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2009.With the ï¬rst class having a lower class limit of 4 and a class width of 2:(a) Construct a frequency distribution. (b) Construct a relative frequency
The table shows the tax, in dollars, on a pack of cigarettes in each of the 50 states and Washington, DC, as of September 2010. Note: The state with the lowest tax is Virginia and the state with the highest tax is New York.With a ï¬rst class having a lower class limit of 0 and a class width of
A dividend is a payment from a publicly traded company to its shareholders. The dividend yield of a stock is determined by dividing the annual dividend of a stock by its price. The following data represent the dividend yields (in percent) of a random sample of 28 publicly traded stocks of companies
Violent crimes include murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault. The following data represent the violent-crime rate (crimes per 100,000 population) by state plus the District of Columbia in 2009.(a) If thirteen classes are to be formed, choose an appropriate lower class limit for the
The volume of a stock is the number of shares traded on a given day. The following data, in millions, so that 6.42 represents 6,420,000 shares traded, represent the volume of Altria Group stock traded for a random sample of 35 trading days in 2010.(a) If six classes are to be formed, choose an
The following data represent the ages of the presidents of the United States (from George Washington through Barack Obama) on their ï¬rst days in ofï¬ce.(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot and (b) Describe the shape of the distribution.
The following data represent the divorce rate (per 1000 population) for most states in the United States in the year 2006.(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot and (b) Describe the shape of the distribution.
The following data represent the number of grams of fat in breakfast meals offered at McDonald€™s.(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot and (b) Describe the shape of the distribution.
The following data represent the number of miles per gallon achieved on the highway for small cars for the model year 2011.(a) Construct a stem-and-leaf plot and (b) Describe the shape of the distribution.
The following data represent the average retail prices for electricity (cents/kWh) in 2010 for the 50 states plus the District of Columbia.(a) Round each observation to the nearest tenth of a cent and draw a stem-and-leaf plot.(b) Describe the shape of the distribution.(c) Hawaii has the highest
The following data represent the price appreciation in home values between the ï¬rst quarter of 1991 and the second quarter of 2010 for homes in each of the 50 states plus the District of Columbia.(a) Round each observation to the nearest whole number and draw a stem-and-leaf plot.(b) Describe
Use the violent crime rate data from Problem 39 to answer each of the following:(a) Round the data to the nearest ten (for example, round 449.8 as 450).(b) Draw a stem-and-leaf plot, treating the hundreds position as the stem and the tens position as the leaf.(c) Redraw the stem-and-leaf plot using
The following data represent the ages on the ceremony date of the Academy Award winners for Best Actor and Best Actress in a leading role for the 33 years from 1977 to 2009.(a) Construct a back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot. (b) Compare the two populations. What can you conclude from the back-to-back
In 1998, Mark McGwire of the St. Louis Cardinals set the record for the most home runs hit in a season by hitting 70 home runs. Three years later in 2001, Barry Bonds of the San Francisco Giants broke McGwire€™s record by hitting 73 home runs. The following data represent the distances,
Draw a dot plot of the variable “ideal number of children” from the Sullivan StatCrunch survey data set. Now draw a dot plot of the variable “ideal number of children” from the Sullivan StatCrunch survey data set by “gender.” Do there appear to be any differences in the ideal number of
Draw a dot plot of the televisions per household data from Problem 33.
Draw a dot plot of the waiting data from Problem 34.
The following data represent the stock price for the Walt Disney Company at the end of each month in 2010. Construct a time-series plot and comment on any trends. What was the percent change in the stock price of Disney from January 2010 to December 2010?
The following data represent the closing stock price for Google, Inc. at the end of each year since it ï¬rst went public in 2004 until the end of 2010. Construct a time-series plot and comment on any trends. What was the percent change in Google stock from 2009 to 2010?
The following data represent the percentage of total federal debt as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP). The GDP of a country is the total value of all goods and services produced within the country in a given year. Construct a time-series plot and comment on any trends.
The data in the next column represent the percentage of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in college. Construct a time-series plot and comment on any trends.
Nielsen/NetRatings is an Internet media and market research ï¬rm. One variable they measure is the amount of time an individual spends viewing a speciï¬c Web page. The following data represent the amount of time, in seconds, a random sample of 40 surfers spent viewing
The following two graphics represent the number of reported shark attacks worldwide since 1900 and the worldwide fatality rate of shark attacks since 1900. Write a report about the trends in the graphs. In your report discuss the apparent contradiction between the increase in shark attacks, but the
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of histograms versus stem-and-leaf plots.
Sketch four histograms—one skewed right, one skewed left, one bell-shaped, and one uniform. Label each histogram according to its shape. What makes a histogram skewed left? Skewed right? Symmetric?
The following is a USA Today type graph.(a) Explain how it is misleading. (b) What could be done to improve the graphic?
The graph in the next column shows the median earnings for females from 2005 to 2009 in constant 2009 dollars.(a) How is the bar graph misleading? What does the graph seem to convey?(b) Redraw the graph so that it is not misleading. What does the new graph seem to convey?
The following relative frequency histogram represents the proportion of employed people aged 25 to 64 years old who are members of a union.(a) Describe how this graph is misleading. What might a reader conclude from the graph? (b) Redraw the histogram so that it is not misleading.
A newspaper article claimed that the afternoon hours were the worst in terms of robberies and provided the graph in support of this claim. Explain how this graph is misleading.
The following relative frequency histogram represents the proportion of people aged 25 to 64 years old not covered by any health insurance in 2009.(a) Describe how this graph is misleading. What might a reader conclude from the graph?(b) Redraw the histogram so that it is not misleading.
The time-series plot in the next column shows the number of new homes built in the Midwest from 2000 to 2009.(a) Describe how this graph is misleading. (b) What is the graph trying to convey? (c) In January 2006, the National Association of Realtors reported, €œA lot of demand has been
The following histogram drawn in StatCrunch represents the total tax collected by the Internal Revenue Service for each state plus Washington, D.C. Explain why the graph is misleading.
The U.S. Strategic Oil Reserve is a government-owned stockpile of crude oil. It was established after the oil embargo in the mid-1970s and is meant to serve as a national defense fuel reserve, as well as to offset reductions in commercial oil supplies that would threaten the U.S. economy.(a) How
The USA Today type graph on the following page is based on data from the Department of Agriculture. It represents the percentage of income a middle-income family will spend on their children.(a) How is the graphic misleading? (b) What could be done to improve the graphic?
The following table gives the average per kilowatt-hour prices of electricity in the United States for the years 2003 to 2010.(a) Construct a misleading graph indicating that the price per kilowatt-hour has more than tripled since 2003. (b) Construct a graph that is not misleading.
The Gallup Organization conducts an annual poll in which it asks a random sample of U.S. adults €œHow would you rate the overall state of moral values in this country today: excellent, good, only fair, or poor?€ The following table represents the percentage of respondents who
The safety manager at Klutz Enterprises provides the following graph to the plant manager and claims that the rate of worker injuries has been reduced by 67% over a 12-year period. Does the graph support his claim? Explain.
The following data represent health care expenditures as a percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) from 2001 to 2009. Gross domestic product is the total value of all goods and services created during the course of the year. Year ..... Health Care as a Percent of GDP 2001
The average per gallon price for regular unleaded gasoline in the United States rose from $1.46 in 2001 to $3.83 in 2011. (a) Construct a graphic that is not misleading to depict this situation. (b) Construct a misleading graphic that makes it appear the average price roughly quadrupled between
Between 1980 and 2010, the number of adults in the United States who were overweight more than doubled from 15% to 37%. (a) Construct a graphic that is not misleading to depict this situation. (b) Construct a misleading graphic that makes it appear that the percent of overweight adults has more
The following USA Today type graphic illustrates the ideal family size (total children) based on a survey of adult Americans.(a) What type of graphic is being displayed? (b) Describe any problems with the graphic. (c) Construct a graphic that is not misleading and makes the data stand out.
The cover of the Ithaca Times from December 7, 2000, is shown.(a) Identify the two variables being graphed and describe them in terms of type and measurement level.(b) What type of data collection method was likely used to create this graph?(c) What type of graph is displayed?(d) What message does
The following data represent the monthly rate of return of Google common stock from its inception in January 2007 through October 2010.(a) Determine and interpret the quartiles. (b) Check the data set for outliers.
The data on the following page represent the carbon dioxide emissions from the consumption of energy per capita (total carbon dioxide emissions, in tons, divided by total population) for the countries of Europe in 2008.(a) Determine and interpret the quartiles.(b) Is the observation corresponding
As part of its "Customers First" program, a cellular phone company monitors monthly phone usage. The program identifies unusual use and alerts the customer that their phone may have been used by another person. The following data represent the monthly phone use in minutes of a customer enrolled in
A credit card company has a fraud-detection service that determines if a card has any unusual activity. The company maintains a database of daily charges on a customer's credit card. Days when the card was inactive are excluded from the database. If a day's worth of charges appears unusual, the
A survey of 50 randomly selected full-time Joliet Junior College students was conducted during the Fall 2010 semester. In the survey, the students were asked to disclose their weekly income from employment. If the student did not work, $0 was entered.(a) Check the data set for outliers.(b) Draw a

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