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Business Statistics For Contemporary Decision Making 8th Edition Black Ken - Solutions
The Conference Board published information on why companies expect to increase the number of part-time jobs and reduce full-time positions. Eighty-one percent of the companies said the reason was to get a flexible workforce. Suppose 200 companies that expect to increase the number of part-time jobs
According to the U.S. Bureau of the Census, about 75% of commuters in the United States drive to work alone. Suppose 150 U.S. commuters are randomly sampled. a. What is the probability that fewer than 105 commuters drive to work alone?b. What is the probability that between 110 and 120 (inclusive)
According to figures released by the National Agricultural Statistics Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the U.S. production of wheat over the past 20 years has been approximately uniformly distributed. Suppose the mean production over this period was 2.165 billion bushels. If the
The Federal Reserve System publishes data on family income based on its Survey of Consumer Finances. When the head of the household has a college degree, the mean before-tax family income is $85,200. Suppose that 60% of the before-tax family incomes when the head of the household has a college
According to the Polk Company, a survey of households using the Internet in buying or leasing cars reported that 81% were seeking information about prices. In addition, 44% were seeking information about products offered. Suppose 75 randomly selected households who are using the Internet in buying
Coastal businesses along the Gulf of Mexico from Texas to Florida worry about the threat of hurricanes during the season from June through October. Businesses become especially nervous when hurricanes enter the Gulf of Mexico. Suppose the arrival of hurricanes during this season is Poisson
With the growing emphasis on technology and the changing business environment, many workers are discovering that training such as reeducation; skill development and personal growth are of great assistance in the job marketplace. A recent Gallup survey found that 80% of Generation Xers considered
According to the Air Transport Association of America, the average operating cost of an MD-80 jet airliner is $2,087 per hour. Suppose the operating costs of an MD-80 jet airliner are normally distributed with a standard deviation of$175 per hour. At what operating cost would only 20% of the
Supermarkets usually become busy at about 5 P.M. on weekdays, because many workers stop by on the way home to shop. Suppose at that time arrivals at a supermarket’s express checkout station are Poisson distributed, with an average of .8 person/minute. If the clerk has just checked out the last
In a recent year, the average daily circulation of the Wall Street Journal was 1,717,000.Suppose the standard deviation is 50,940. Assume the paper’s daily circulation is normally distributed. On what percentage of days would circulation pass 1,800,000? Suppose the paper cannot support the fixed
Incoming phone calls generally are thought to be Poisson distributed. If an operator averages 2.2 phone calls every 30 seconds, what is the expected (average) amount of time between calls? What is the probability that a minute or more would elapse between incoming calls? Two minutes? Discuss.
Shown here is a Minitab output. Suppose the data represent the number of sales associates who are working in a department store in any given retail day. Describe the distribution including the mean and standard deviation. Interpret the shape of the distribution and the mean in light of the data
A manufacturing company produces a metal rod. Use the Excel output shown here to describe the weight of the rod. Interpret the probability values in terms of the manufacturing process.Normal DistributionMean = 227 mg.Standard Deviation = 2.3 mg.x Value ..... Probability < x Value220
A restaurant averages 4.51 customers per 10 minutes during the summer in the late afternoon. Shown here are Excel and Minitab output for this restaurant. Discuss the type of distribution used to analyze the data and the meaning of the probabilities.Exponential Distributionx Value ..... Probability
Suppose the Minitab output shown here represents the analysis of the length of home-use cell phone calls in terms of minutes. Describe the distribution of cell phone call lengths and interpret the meaning of the probability statements.CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONNormal with mean = 2.35
In 1959, BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke) almost went bankrupt and nearly sold out to Daimler-Benz, the maker of Mercedes-Benz cars. BMW was able to recover to the point that in 1992 it passed Mercedes in worldwide sales. Among the reasons for BMW’s success was its ability to sell models that were
Develop a frame for the population of each of the following research projects.a. Measuring the job satisfaction of all union employees in a companyb. Conducting a telephone survey in Utica, New York, to determine the level of interest in opening a new hunting and fishing specialty store in the
For each of the following research projects, list three variables for stratification of the sample.a. A nationwide study of motels and hotels is being conducted. An attempt will be made to determine the extent of the availability of online links for customers. A sample of motels and hotels will be
In each of the following cases, the variable represents one way that a sample can be stratified in a study. For each variable, list some strata into which the variable can be divided.a. Age of respondent (person)b. Size of company (sales volume)c. Size of retail outlet (square feet)d. Geographic
For each of the following research projects, list at least one area or cluster that could be used in obtaining the sample.a. A study of road conditions in the state of Missourib. A study of U.S. offshore oil wellsc. A study of the environmental effects of petrochemical plants west of the
Give an example of how quota sampling could be used to conduct sampling by a company test marketing a new personal computer. Discuss.
A population has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.If a random sample of 64 is taken, what is the probability that the sample mean is each of the following?a. Greater than 52b. Less than 51c. Less than 47d. Between 48.5 and 52.4e. Between 50.6 and 51.3
A population is normally distributed, with a mean of 23.45 and a standard deviation of 3.8.What is the probability of each of the following?a. Taking a sample of size 10 and obtaining a sample mean of 22 or moreb. Taking a sample of size 4 and getting a sample mean of more than 26.
Suppose a random sample of size 36 is drawn from a population with a mean of 278. If 86% of the time the sample mean is less than 280, what is the population standard deviation?
A random sample of size 81 is drawn from a population with a standard deviation of 12.If only 18% of the time a sample mean greater than 300 is obtained, what is the mean of the population?
Find the probability in each case.a. N = 1000, n = 60, µ = 75, and σ = 6; P (x̄ < 76.5)?b. N = 90, n = 36, µ = 108, and σ = 3.46; P (107 < x̄ < 107.7)?c. N = 250, n = 100, µ = 35.6, and σ = 4.89; P (x̄ ≥ 36)?d. N = 5000, n = 60, µ = 125, and σ = 13.4; P (x ≤ 123)?
The Statistical Abstract of the United States published by the U.S. Census Bureau reports that the average annual consumption of fresh fruit per person is 99.9 pounds. The standard deviation of fresh fruit consumption is about 30 pounds. Suppose a researcher took a random sample of 38 people and
Suppose a subdivision on the southwest side of Denver, Colorado, contains 1,500 houses. The subdivision was built in 1983.A sample of 100 houses is selected randomly and evaluated by an appraiser. If the mean appraised value of a house in this subdivision for all houses is $227,000, with a standard
Suppose the average checkout tab at a large supermarket is $65.12, with a standard deviation of $21.45.Twenty-three percent of the time when a random sample of 45 customer tabs is examined, the sample average should exceed what value?
According to Nielsen Media Research, the average number of hours of TV viewing per household per week in the United States is 50.4 hours. Suppose the standard deviation is 11.8 hours and a random sample of 42 U.S. households is taken.a. What is the probability that the sample average is more than
A given population proportion is .25. For the given value of n, what is the probability of getting each of the following sample proportions?a. n = 110 and p̂ ≤ .21b. n = 33 and p̂ > .24c. n = 59 and .24 ≤ p̂ < .27d. n = 80 and p̂ < .30e. n = 800 and p̂ < .30
A population proportion is .58.Suppose a random sample of 660 items is sampled randomly from this population.a. What is the probability that the sample proportion is greater than .60?b. What is the probability that the sample proportion is between .55 and .65?c. What is the probability that the
Suppose a population proportion is .40, and 80% of the time when you draw a random sample from this population you get a sample proportion of .35 or more. How large a sample were you taking?
If a population proportion is .28 and if the sample size is 140, 30% of the time the sample proportion will be less than what value if you are taking random samples? Discuss.
According to a study by Decision Analyst, 21% of the people who have credit cards are very close to the total limit on the card(s).Suppose a random sample of 600 credit card users is taken. What is the probability that more than 150 credit card users are very close to the total limit on their
According to a survey by Accountemps, 48% of executives believe that employees are most productive on Tuesdays. Suppose 200 executives are randomly surveyed.a. What is the probability that fewer than 90 of the executives believe employees are most productive on Tuesdays?b. What is the probability
A Travel Weekly International Air Transport Association survey asked business travelers about the purpose for their most recent business trip. Nineteen percent responded that it was for an internal company visit. Suppose 950 business travelers are randomly selected.a. What is the probability that
The mean of a population is 76 and the standard deviation is 14. The shape of the population is unknown. Determine the probability of each of the following occurring from this population.a. A random sample of size 35 yielding a sample mean of 79 or more.b. A random sample of size 140 yielding a
Forty-six percent of a population possesses a particular characteristic. Random samples are taken from this population. Determine the probability of each of the following occurrences.a. The sample size is 60 and the sample proportion is between .41 and .53.b. The sample size is 458 and the sample
Suppose the age distribution in a city is as follows.Under 18 .... 22%18–25 ...... 18%26–50 ...... 36%51–65 ...... 10%Over 65 ...... 14%A researcher is conducting proportionate stratified random sampling with a sample size of 250. Approximately how many people should he sample from each
Candidate Jones believes she will receive .55 of the total votes cast in her county. However, in an attempt to validate this figure, her pollster contacts a random sample of 600 registered voters in the county. The poll results show that 298 of the voters say they are committed to voting for her.
A particular automobile costs an average of $21,755 in the Pacific Northwest. The standard deviation of prices is $650. Suppose a random sample of 30 dealerships in Washington and Oregon is taken, and their managers are asked what they charge for this automobile. What is the probability of getting
Suppose the average client charge per hour for out-of-court work by lawyers in the state of Iowa is $125. Suppose further that a random telephone sample of 32 lawyers in Iowa is taken and that the sample average charge per hour for out-of-court work is $110. If the population variance is $525, what
A survey of 2645 consumers by DDB Needham Worldwide of Chicago for public relations agency Porter/Novelli showed that how a company handles a crisis when at fault is one of the top influences in consumer buying decisions, with 73% claiming it is an influence. Quality of product was the number one
Suppose you are sending out questionnaires to a randomly selected sample of 100 managers. The frame for this study is the membership list of the American Managers Association. The questionnaire contains demographic questions about the company and its top manager. In addition, it asks questions
In an effort to cut costs and improve profits, many U.S. companies have been turning to outsourcing. In fact, according to purchasing magazine, 54% of companies surveyed outsourced some part of their manufacturing process in the past two to three years. Suppose 565 of these companies are
The average cost of a one-bedroom apartment in a town is $650 per month. What is the probability of randomly selecting a sample of 50 one-bedroom apartments in this town and getting a sample mean of less than $630 if the population standard deviation is $100?
The Aluminum Association reports that the average American uses 56.8 pounds of aluminum in a year. A random sample of 51 households is monitored for one year to determine aluminum usage. If the population standard deviation of annual usage is 12.3 pounds, what is the probability that the sample
Direct marketing companies are turning to the Internet for new opportunities. A recent study by Gruppo, Levey, & Co. showed that 73% of all direct marketers conduct transactions on the Internet. Suppose a random sample of 300 direct marketing companies is taken.a. What is the probability that
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 20% of all people 16 years of age or older do volunteer work. In this age group, women volunteer slightly more than men, with 22% of women volunteering and 19% of men volunteering. What is the probability of randomly sampling 140 women 16 years of
Suppose you work for a large firm that has 20,000 employees. The CEO calls you in and asks you to determine employee attitudes toward the company. She is willing to commit $100,000 to this project. What are the advantages of taking a sample versus conducting a census? What are the trades-offs?
In a particular area of the Northeast, an estimated 75% of the homes use heating oil as the principal heating fuel during the winter. A random telephone survey of 150 homes is taken in an attempt to determine whether this figure is correct. Suppose 120 of the 150 homes surveyed use heating oil as
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics released hourly wage figures for various countries for workers in the manufacturing sector. The hourly wage was $30.67 for Switzerland, $20.20 for Japan, and $23.82 for the U.S. Assume that in all three countries, the standard deviation of hourly labor rates is
According to Runzheimer International, a typical business traveler spends an average of $281 per day in Chicago. This cost includes hotel, meals, car rental, and incidentals. A survey of 65 randomly selected business travelers who have been to Chicago on business recently is taken. For the
If a company employs 3500 people and if a random sample of 175 of these employees has been taken by systematic sampling, what is the value of k? The researcher would start the sample selection between what two values? Where could the researcher obtain a frame for this study?
Give an example of how judgment sampling could be used in a study to determine how district attorneys feel about attorneys advertising on television. Discuss.
Determine a possible frame for conducting random sampling in each of the following studies.a. The average amount of overtime per week for production workers in a plastics company in Pennsylvania.b. The average number of employees in all Ralphs supermarkets in Southern California.c. A survey of
A researcher is conducting a study of a Fortune500 company that has factories, distribution centers, and retail outlets across the country. How can she use cluster or area sampling to take a random sample of employees of this firm?
A directory of personal computer retail outlets in the United States contains 12,080 alphabetized entries. Explain how systematic sampling could be used to select a sample of 300 outlets. Discuss.
Give a variable that could be used to stratify the population for each of the following studies. List at least four subcategories for each variable.a. A political party wants to conduct a poll prior to an election for the office of U.S. senator in Minnesota. b. A soft drink company wants to take a
The Shell Oil Company, which began about 1912, had been for decades a household name as a quality oil company in the United States. However, by the late 1970s much of its prestige as a premiere company had disappeared. How could Shell regain its high status?In the 1990s, Shell undertook an
Use the following information to construct the confidence intervals specified to estimate µ.a. 95% confidence for , x̄ = 3.5, σ and n = 60b. 98% confidence for , x̄ = 23.89, σ and n = 75c. 90% confidence for , x̄ = 0.974, σ and n = 32d. 80% confidence for , x̄ = 12.1, N = 500, σ and n = 47
For a random sample of 36 items and a sample mean of 211, compute a 95% confidence interval for µ if the population standard deviation is 23.
A random sample of 81 items is taken, producing a sample mean of 47.The population standard deviation is 5.89.Construct a 90% confidence interval to estimate the population mean.
A random sample of size 70 is taken from a population that has a variance of 49.The sample mean is 90.4.What is the point estimate of µ? Construct a 94% confidence interval for µ.
A random sample of size 39 is taken from a population of 200 members. The sample mean is 66 and the population standard deviation is 11. Construct a 96% confidence interval to estimate the population mean. What is the point estimate of the population mean?
A candy company fills a 20-ounce package of Halloween candy with individually wrapped pieces of candy. The number of pieces of candy per package varies because the package is sold by weight. The company wants to estimate the number of pieces per package. Inspectors randomly sample 120 packages of
A small lawnmower company produced 1,500 lawnmowers in 2005.In an effort to determine how maintenance-free these units were, the company decided to conduct a multiyear study of the 2005 lawnmowers. A sample of 200 owners of these lawnmowers was drawn randomly from company records and contacted. The
A community health association is interested in estimating the average number of maternity days women stay in the local hospital. A random sample is taken of 36 women who had babies in the hospital during the past year. The following numbers of maternity days each woman was in the hospital are
A meat-processing company in the Midwest produces and markets a package of eight small sausage sandwiches. The product is nationally distributed, and the company is interested in knowing the average retail price charged for this item in stores across the country. The company cannot justify a
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the average travel time to work in Philadelphia is 27.4 minutes. Suppose a business researcher wants to estimate the average travel time to work in Cleveland using a 95% level of confidence. A random sample of 45 Cleveland commuters is taken and the travel time
Suppose a random sample of turkey prices is taken from across the nation in an effort to estimate the average turkey price per pound in the United States. Shown here is the Minitab output for such a sample. Examine the output. What is the point estimate? What is the value of the assumed population
Suppose the following data are selected randomly from a population of normally distributed values.Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the populationmean.
Assuming x is normally distributed; use the following information to compute a 90% confidence interval to estimateµ.
If a random sample of 41 items produces x̄ = 128.4 and s = 20.6, what is the 98% confidence interval for µ? Assume x is normally distributed for the population. What is the point estimate?
A random sample of 81 items is taken; producing a sample mean of 47. The population standard deviation is 5.89. Construct a 90% confidence interval to estimate the population mean.
Use the following data to construct a 99% confidence interval for µ.Assume x is normally distributed. What is the point estimate forµ?
According to Runzheimer International, the average cost of a domestic trip for business travelers in the financial industry is $1,250.Suppose another travel industry research company takes a random sample of 51 business travelers in the financial industry and determines that the sample average cost
A valve manufacturer produces a butterfly valve composed of two semicircular plates on a common spindle that is used to permit flow in one direction only. The semicircular plates are supplied by a vendor with specifications that the plates be 2.37 millimeters thick and have a tensile strength of
Some fast-food chains offer a lower-priced combination meal in an effort to attract budget-conscious customers. One chain test-marketed a burger, fries and a drink combination for $1.71.The weekly sales volume for these meals was impressive. Suppose the chain wants to estimate the average amount
The marketing director of a large department store wants to estimate the average number of customers who enter the store every five minutes. She randomly selects five-minute intervals and counts the number of arrivals at the store. She obtains the figures 58,32,41,47,56,80,45,29,32, and 78.The
Suppose a company from the United States does considerable business in the city of Johannesburg, South Africa and wishes to establish a per diem rate for employee travel to that city. The company researcher is assigned this task, and in an effort to determine this figure, she obtains a random
How much experience do supply-chain transportation managers have in their field? Suppose in an effort to estimate this, 41 supply-chain transportation managers are surveyed and asked how many years of managerial experience they have in transportation.Survey results (in years) are shown below. Use
Cycle time in manufacturing can be viewed as the total time it takes to complete a product from the beginning of the production process. The concept of cycle time varies according to the industry and product or service being offered. Suppose a boat manufacturing company wants to estimate the mean
Use the information about each of the following samples to compute the confidence interval to estimate p.a. n = 44 and p̂ = .51 compute a 90% confidence interval.b. n = 300 and p̂ = .82 compute a 95% confidence interval.c. n = 1,150 and p̂ = .48 compute a 90% confidence interval.d. n = 95 and
Use the following sample information to calculate the confidence interval to estimate the population proportion. Let x be the number of items in the sample having the characteristic of interest.a. n = 116 and x = 57,with 99% confidenceb. n = 800 and x = 479,with 97% confidencec. n = 240 and x =
Suppose a random sample of 85 items has been taken from a population and 40 of the items contain the characteristic of interest. Use this information to calculate a 90% confidence interval to estimate the proportion of the population that has the characteristic of interest. Calculate a 95%
The Universal Music Group is the music industry leader worldwide in sales according to Nielsen Sound Scan. Suppose a researcher wants to determine what market share the company holds in the city of St. Louis by randomly selecting 1,003 people who purchased a CD last month. In addition, suppose
According to the Stern Marketing Group, 9 out of 10 professional women say that financial planning is more important today than it was five years ago. Where do these women go for help in financial planning? Forty-seven percent use a financial advisor (broker, tax consultant, financial
What proportions of pizza restaurants that are primarily for walk-in business have a salad bar? Suppose that, in an effort to determine this figure, a random sample of 1,250 of these restaurants across the United States based on the Yellow Pages is called. If 997 of the restaurants sampled have a
The highway department wants to estimate the proportion of vehicles on Interstate 25 between the hours of midnight and 5:00 A.M. that are 18-wheel tractor trailers. The estimate will be used to determine highway repair and construction considerations and in highway patrol planning. Suppose
What proportion of commercial airline pilots are more than 40 years of age? Suppose a researcher has access to a list of all pilots who are members of the Commercial Airline Pilots Association. If this list is used as a frame for the study, she can randomly select a sample of pilots, contact them,
According to Runzheimer International, in a survey of relocation administrators 63% of all workers who rejected relocation offers did so for family considerations. Suppose this figure was obtained by using a random sample of the files of 672 workers who had rejected relocation offers. Use this
Suppose a survey of 275 executives is taken in an effort to determine what qualities are most important for an effective CEO to possess? The survey participants are offered several qualities as options, one of which is “communication.”One hundred twenty-one of the surveyed respondents select
For each of the following sample results, construct the requested confidence interval. Assume the data come from normally distributed populations.a. n = 12, x̄ = 28.4, s2 = 44.9;99% confidence for σ2b. n = 7, x̄ = 28.4, s = 1.24;95% confidence for σ2c. n = 20, x̄ = 28.4, s = 32;90% confidence
Use the following sample data to estimate the population variance. Produce a point estimate and a 98% confidence interval. Assume the data come from a normally distributedpopulation.
The Interstate Conference of Employment Security Agencies says the average workweek in the United States is down to only 35 hours, largely because of a rise in part-time workers. Suppose this figure was obtained from a random sample of 20 workers and that the standard deviation of the sample was
A manufacturing plant produces steel rods. During one production run of 20,000 such rods, the specifications called for rods that were 46 centimeters in length and 3.8 centimeters in width. Fifteen of these rods comprising a random sample were measured for length; the resulting measurements are
Suppose a random sample of 14 people 30–39 years of age produced the household incomes shown here. Use these data to determine a point estimate for the population variance of household incomes for people 30–39 years of age and construct a 95% confidence interval. Assume household income is
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