A biomass stream, Stream 1 in Figure P13.31, is being dried in a direct dryer, V-2001, by a stream of hot N . Develop a model for this dryer. The composition of Stream 1 (wt%) is

The ash can be considered to be pure calcium oxide (CaO).

The flowrate of biomass is 500 kg/min. Assume adiabatic operation in V-2001 with a pressure drop of 0.1 bar. What models would be appropriate for the solids density and enthalpy calculations? If the model parameters are not available for the biomass components in the simulator of your choice, use values from the open literature. The desired moisture content of Stream 4 is 1% (wt). As many commercial process simulators do not have the capability to model the SVE for such processes, assume that the desired moisture content is achieved at 110°C. What is the required flowrate of N₂?

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Biomass P = 2 bar T = 60°C N₂ P = 2 bar T = 250°C 1 2 3 4 Moist N₂ V-2001 AP = 0.1 bar Adiabatic Dry Biomass Figure P13.31 Flowsheet of a Biomass Dryer