Basic Concepts by considering the simple one-dimensional steady flow between two parallel plates, Figure 1.1. The area of each plate $A_{y}=1 \mathrm{~m}^{2}$ and the gap between the two plates is $0.1 \mathrm{~mm}$ (very thin). Fluids of different viscosities, as listed below, are contained in between the two plates. A tangential force of $1 \mathrm{~N}$ is applied to the top plate moving in the $x$ direction at a fixed velocity $V_{0}$ while the bottom plate is held stationary. Calculate the value of $V_{0}$ for each of the following fluids:

Substance	Viscosity (cP)
Olive oil	100
Castor oil	600
Pure glycerin $(293 \mathrm{~K})$	1500
Honey	$10^{4}$
Corn syrup	$10^{5}$
Bitumen	$10^{11}$
Molten glass	$10^{15}$

In view of these results, what is the meaning of the phrase from the Bible: "the mountains flowed before the Lord" and the significance of the phrase: "Everything flows"!

y x To, Co, eo, Vo T, C, , V ay, ny ly, my FIGURE 1.1 Transport of energy, mass, charge, and momentum from the upper surface to the lower surface.