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business statistics a first course
Introduction To Business Statistics 7th Edition Ronald M. Weiers - Solutions
Given the information in Exercise 15.13, determine the linear regression equation describing January–May burned acreage in Florida as a function of January–May rainfall in the state, then identify and interpret the slope, the coefficient of correlation, and the coefficient of determination. At
The General Aviation Manufacturers Asso ciation has reported annual flying hours and fuel consumption for airplanes with a single, piston-driven engine as listed in file XR15057. Data are in millions of flying hours and millions of gallons of fuel, respectively. Determine the linear regression
Given the information below, calculate SST, SSR, and SSE, determine the coefficient of determination, then use ANOVA and the 0.05 level in testing whether r2 is significantly different from zero. X: 4 y: 381 1 4 6 Least-squares equation: 403 394 385 404.94 - 3.78x
Given the information below, calculate SST, SSR, and SSE, determine the coefficient of determination, then use ANOVA and the 0.05 level in testing whether r2 is significantly different from zero. X: 5 4 10 9 10 Least-squares equation: y: 34 44 65 47 66 = 20.66 + 4.02x
In a regression analysis, the sum of the squared deviations between y and }y is SST 5 200.0. If the sum of the squared deviations about the regression line is SSE 5 40.0, what is the coefficient of determination?
In a regression analysis, the sum of the squared deviations between y and }y is SST 5 120.0. If the coefficient of correlation is r 5 0.7, what are the values of SSE and SSR?
How is analysis of variance related to regression analysis?
1 5.0x, and the standard deviation of the slope is listed as sb1 5 2.25.a. At the 0.05 level of significance, can we conclude that no linear relationship exists within the population of x and y values?b. Given the results in part (a), what conclusion would be reached if the same level of
A computer analysis of 30 pairs of observations results in the least-squares regression equation yˆ 5
For the regression line developed in Exercise 15.38,a. Use the 0.05 level in testing whether the population coefficient of correlation could be zero.b. Use the 0.05 level in testing whether the population regression equation could have a slope of zero.c. Construct the 95% confidence interval for
For the regression line developed in Exercise 15.37,a. Use the 0.05 level in testing whether the population coefficient of correlation could be zero.b. Use the 0.05 level in testing whether the population regression equation could have a slope of zero.c. Construct the 95% confidence interval for
Based on sample data, the 95% confidence interval for the slope of the population regression line is found to be from 4.2 to 6.7. Based on this information, what is the most accurate statement that can be made about the p-value in testing H0: 1 5 0 versus H1: 1 0? Explain.
Based on sample data, the 90% confidence interval for the slope of the population regression line is found to be from 2.5 to 1.4. Based on this information, what is the most accurate statement that can be made about the p-value in testing H0: 1 5 0 versus H1: 1 0? Explain.
For n 5 37 data points, r2 5 0.29. At the 0.02 level of significance, can we conclude that the true coefficient of correlation could be zero?
For n 5 15 data points, r2 5 0.81. At the 0.05 level of significance, can we conclude that the true coefficient of correlation could be zero?
Testing the null hypothesis that the slope of the true regression line equals zero is equivalent to testing whether the true coefficient of correlation could be zero. Why?
For each of the 20 top-grossing U.S. films made during the 1990s, file XR15043 lists the domestic gross ticket sales versus foreign gross ticket sales (both in millions of U.S. dollars). Determine the linear regression equation relating the foreign gross as a function of the domestic gross.
For each of 10 popular prescription drugs, file XR15042 lists the retail price (in U.S. dollars) for the drug in several different countries, including the United States, Canada, Great Britain, and Australia. Determine and interpret the coefficients of correlation and determination for U.S. prices
Given the information in Exercise 15.12, determine and interpret the coefficients of correlation and determination for gross revenue versus the number of equity partners.
Given the information in Exercise 15.13, determine and interpret the coefficients of correlation and determination for January–May burned acreage in Florida versus January–May rainfall in the state.
It has been reported that the average American male consumes 3774 calories per day and that 72.2%of American males are overweight. This information, along with data for seven other countries, is listed below.a. Determine the least-squares regression line for predicting the percentage of males who
The following table compares U.S. population(millions) with U.S. per-capita consumption of bottled water (gallons).a. Determine the least-squares regression line and the value of r.b. What proportion of the variability in per-capita bottled water consumption is explained by the regression
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety has listed the following ratings based on collision and comprehensive claims for 12 makes of midsize fourdoor cars from the 2005–2007 model years. Higher numbers reflect higher claims in the collision and comprehensive categories of coverage.a. Determine
For a set of data, the total variation or sum of squares for y is SST 143.0, and the error sum of squares is SSE 24.0. What proportion of the variation in y is explained by the regression equation?
In regression and correlation analysis, what are the two components of the total amount of variation in the y values? Define the coefficient of determination in terms of these components.
For the data in Exercise 15.23, and with y touchdown percentage and x interception percentage, determine and interpret the coefficients of correlation and determination.
The coefficient of correlation between variables y and x is 0.90. Calculate and interpret the value of the coefficient of determination.
The values of y and x are inversely related, and 64% of the variation in y is explained by the regression equation. What is the coefficient of correlation?
Differentiate between the coefficients of correlation and determination. What information does each one offer that the other does not?
Given the information in Exercise 15.12, determine and interpret the 90% confidence and prediction intervals associated with gross revenue when there are 200 equity partners.
Given the information in Exercise 15.13, determine and interpret the 90% confidence and prediction intervals associated with burned acreage in Florida when the January–May rainfall in the state is 20 inches.
Repeat Exercise 15.27, but with average retail units sold per dealer as the independent variable and with the 95% interval estimates assuming a dealer group for which the average number of retail units sold per dealer is 1000.
Information describing 98 of the top automobile dealership groups in the United States is provided in computer database file DEALERS. For calendar year 1999, the data include the number of dealers, the average number of retail units sold per dealer, and the total revenue for the dealership group.
For the data in Exercise 15.10, find the standard error of estimate, then construct the 95% prediction interval for boat trailer sales during a year in which the number of boats sold is 500,000.( DATA SET ) Note: Exercises 15.27–15.30 require a computer and statistical software.
For the data in Exercise 15.9, find the standard error of estimate, then construct the 95% prediction interval for the amount of stock owned by an individual employee who has been with the firm for 5 years.
Repeat parts (a)–(e) of Exercise 15.23, but using the interception percentage as the independent variable, and for a quarterback who claims his interception percentage will be just 3.0% next year.
For the National Football League, ratings for the all-time leading passers were as shown below. Also shown for each quarterback is the percentage of passes that were interceptions, along with the percentage of passes that were touchdowns.a. Determine the least-squares regression line for estimating
For the summary data provided in Exercise 15.21, construct a 95% prediction interval for an individual y value whenevera. x 5 2.b. x 5 3.c. x 5 4.
For n 6 data points, the following quantities have been calculated:a. Determine the least-squares regression line.b. Determine the standard error of estimate.c. Construct the 95% confidence interval for the mean of y when x 7.0.d. Construct the 95% confidence interval for the mean of y when x
For a set of 8 data points, the sum of the squared differences between observed and estimated values of y is 34.72. Given this information, what is the standard error of estimate?
What happens to the width of a prediction interval for y as the x value on which the interval estimate is based gets farther away from the mean of x? Why?
For a given value of x, which will be wider, a 95%confidence interval or a 95% prediction interval? Explain.
Differentiate between a confidence interval and a prediction interval.
Is it possible for the standard error of estimate to be equal to zero? If so, under what circumstances?
What is the standard error of estimate, and what role does it play in simple linear regression and correlation analysis?
For the leading health maintenance organization(HMO) firms, data file XR15014 lists the number of persons enrolled in the HMO along with the number of plans the firm administers. Given these data, determine the least-squares equation for predicting the total enrollment as a function of the number
The Florida ecosystem is heavily reliant on wet and dry seasons, and is particularly dependent on the winter and spring rainfall that helps reduce damage due to wildfires. Data file XR15013 lists the number of acres burned and the number of inches of rainfall during January–May for 1988–2000.
For the top law firms in the world in terms of profit per equity partner, data file XR15012 lists the number of equity partners and the gross revenue($ millions) for the most recent fiscal year. Given these data, determine the least-squares equation for predicting gross revenue on the basis of the
A media analyst studying popular movies has generated the accompanying table, which shows gross ticket sales during the initial 2 weeks following release compared to total gross sales during the movie’s run.Given these data, determine the least-squares equation for predicting total gross ticket
The following data represent x 5 boat sales and y boat trailer sales from 1995 through 2000.a. Determine the least-squares regression line and interpret its slope.b. Estimate, for a year during which 500,000 boats are sold, the number of boat trailers that would be sold.c. What reasons might
For a sample of 8 employees, a personnel director has collected the following data on ownership of company stock versus years with the firm.a. Determine the least-squares regression line and interpret its slope.b. For an employee who has been with the firm 10 years, what is the predicted number of
Determine the least-squares regression line for the data in Exercise 15.7, then calculate the sum of the squared deviations between y and y ˆ.
A scatter diagram includes the data points (x 5 3, y 5 8), (x 5 5, y 5 18), (x 5 7, y 5 30), and(x 5 9, y 5 32). Two regression lines are proposed:(1) y ˆ 5 5 1 3x, and (2) y ˆ 5 22 1 4x. Using the leastsquares criterion, which of these regression lines is the better fit to the data? Why?
Determine the least-squares regression line for the data in Exercise 15.5, then calculate the sum of the squared deviations between y and yˆ.
A scatter diagram includes the data points (x 5 2, y 5 10), (x 5 3, y 5 12), (x 5 4, y 5 20), and(x 5 5, y 5 16). Two regression lines are proposed:(1) y ˆ 5 10 1 x, and (2) yˆ 5 8 1 2x. Using the leastsquares criterion, which of these regression lines is the better fit to the data? Why?
What is the least-squares criterion, and what does it have to do with obtaining a regression line for a given set of data?
In the linear regression equation, y ˆ 5 b0 1 b1x, why is the term at the left given as y ˆ instead of simply y?
What assumptions are required in using the linear regression model?
Explain each term in the linear regression model, yi 5 0 1 1xi 1 i.
14.86 Apply either the chi-square or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality to the data described in Exercise 14.85. At the 0.05 level of significance, could the data have come from a normal population?
14.85 The weights (in ounces) of the first 34 units in a production run of cast-iron flywheels are in file XR14085.Using the 0.10 level of significance, test the randomness of this sequence of measurements. Identify and interpret the p-value for the test.
14.84 Five computer operators have been asked to rate four different workstation arrangements in terms of comfort with 1 5 very uncomfortable to 10 5 very comfortable. Their ratings are in file XR14084. At the 0.05 level, could the workstation arrangements be equally comfortable? Identify and
14.83 Reacting to a skeptical reader who doubts that so-called wine connoisseurs can really tell the difference between cheap and expensive wines, the dining editor of a city newspaper sets up a test in which each of five connoisseurs is asked to taste three unidentified wines, then rate each one
14.82 Comparing the attitudes of customers at three restaurants, a researcher selects a random sample of customers from each and asks each person to rate the restaurant on a scale of 50 to 100, with 50 5 “poor”and 100 5 “excellent.” Given the results in file XR14082, and using the 0.05
14.81 A new taxi driver will be making regular trips from the airport to a downtown hotel. She has heard conflicting opinions as to which of two routes takes less time. When she randomly selects which route to take for each of 10 trips, the five times (minutes) for each route are as listed in file
14.80 Two applicants for a component assembly position with an electronics firm have been asked to complete each of six tasks that their jobs would typically involve. For each assigned task, file XR14080 shows the times (minutes) required by each of the applicants. At the 0.10 level, could the
14.79 In the past, telephone solicitors for a home improvement firm have been paid an hourly wage. A small-scale experiment has been set up in which five solicitors are given further incentive in the form of 1% of the eventual sale. Data file XR14079 shows the number of sales originating from each
14.78 To help ensure that packages contain at least the stated weight of 12 ounces, a cereal manufacturer wants the filling machine set to 12.5 ounces. For a random sample of boxes, the weights (in ounces) are listed in file XR14078. At the 0.10 level of significance, does the filling machine seem
14.77 Two investment counselors have evaluated the 15 major companies in an industry according to their potential as a “safe investment.” Both counselors agree that company C is the best firm in which to invest. These and the remaining ranks are shown in the table. Use the Spearman coefficient
14.76 For a random sample of drivers using an automated toll booth that requires exact change, the following data show the elapsed time (in seconds) from the moment the vehicle stopped to the moment it began to move away following payment of the toll: 6, 5, 7, 4, and 17. Using the 0.10 level of
14.75 During her interview with an urban firm, Betty was told by the personnel director that she would typically require “no more than 20 minutes” to drive to work from the apartment complex to which she has recently moved. During the first 2 weeks of work, her travel times have been as listed
14.74 An interviewer has been told to randomly select respondents and to include x 5 whether or not they are a college graduate among the data recorded. The categories of the first 30 persons interviewed, with G 5 college graduate and N 5 nongraduate, are shown in the sequence below. At the 0.10
14.73 Selecting a position that ensures that you will not be conspicuous, stand or park near a local convenience store and observe 35 consecutive individuals entering the store. Jot down whether each is male versus female, then use the runs test and the 0.05 level of significance in determining
14.72 Prior to taking an aerobics class, each of 12 health-club members is asked to rate the instructor on a scale in which 3 5 “excellent,” 2 5 “good,” and 1 5“poor.” Following the class, each student is again asked to rate the instructor. Given the following before -andafter ratings,
14.71 Three different O-ring shapes are being considered for use in a deep-sea submersible vehicle that will be remote-operated from the surface vessel. Because the sealing effectiveness depends partially on the temperature of the surrounding sea water, a randomized block design has been set up in
14.70 The manager of a photography studio has carried out an experiment to compare the attractiveness of four different poster-size photographs for use in the display window. During 23 business days of the previous month, she randomly selected one of the four photographs for display; the data below
14.69 A consumer magazine is evaluating five brands of trash compactors for their effectiveness in reducing the volume of typical household products that are discarded.In the experiment, each block consists of three bags containing identical mixtures of the kinds of trash described, and each
14.68 In a fast-food restaurant, it’s desirable to have seats that are comfortable but not too comfortable.Patrons sitting at a seat that is too comfortable may tend to linger and tax the capacity of the restaurant. In an experiment to compare seat designs by observing how long people with the
14.67 The resting pulse rates of 6 randomly selected adults have been measured before and after a 4-week aerobic fitness program, with the results listed below. At the 0.05 level, can we conclude that the program has had a significant effect? Using the appropriate statistical table, what is the
14.66 It has been reported that the median price of a home purchased in Portland, Oregon, during 2007 was$295,200. For a random sample of homes purchased in a certain area of the city during that year, the prices were as listed below. Using the 0.025 level of significance, test whether the median
14.65 Comparing the lifetimes of two brands of penlight batteries, a researcher has randomly selected 10 batteries of brand A and 10 of brand B, then subjected each battery to the same usage test. Given the lifetimes listed below and using the 0.05 level of significance, can we conclude that brand
14.64 Two different paste wax formulations are being compared to see if they hold up equally well in repeated washing at an automated car wash. On each of 10 test vehicles, formulas A and B are applied to opposite sides of the roof, and a coin flip is used in determining the side that receives
14.63 Last year’s rates of return for a random sample of mutual funds are listed in file XR14063. Using either the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test or the chi-square test for normality and the 0.10 level of significance, examine whether the data could have come from a normal distribution.
14.62 For the set of winning margins in Exercise 14.61, use either the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test or the chi-square test for normality and the 0.05 level of significance in examining whether the data could have come from a normal distribution.
14.61 For the first 43 Super Bowl games, the winning margins are listed in file XR14061. At the 0.10 level of significance, can this sequence be considered as other than random? Identify and interpret the p-value for the test.Source: NFL.com, July 31, 2009.
14.60 For the first 43 Super Bowl games, the winner is listed in file XR14060 according to “1” (American Conference) or “2” (National Conference). At the 0.05 level of significance, can this sequence be considered as other than random? Identify and interpret the p-value for the test.
14.59 According to R.L. Polk & Company, the median age of automobiles and trucks on the road in the United States is about 9 years. The ages for a random sample of vehicles in the executive parking lot of a metal fabrication company are listed in file XR14059. Using the sign test and the 0.05 level
14.58 Testing the effect of a diet and exercise regimen on subjects’ cholesterol levels, a sports medicine clinic enlists 40 volunteers whose cholesterol levels are measured before and after the 1-month program. The before and after data are listed in data file XR14058. Using the sign test and
14.57 A Republican and a Democrat candidate for political office have each rated the 12 most recent pieces of legislation in their state from 1 (most beneficial to the state)to 12 (least beneficial). Given the data shown here, determine and interpret the Spearman coefficient of rank correlation.At
14.56 For the data of Exercise 14.16, convert the husbands’and wives’ expenditures to ranks, then determine and interpret the Spearman coefficient of rank correlation.At the 0.05 level, does rs differ significantly from 0?
14.55 Two travel editors have each ranked 10 popular vacation spots according to the value they represent for the money. The sum of the squared differences between their rankings is 28. Determine and interpret the Spearman coefficient of rank correlation. At the 0.05 level, does rs differ
14.54 What is the Spearman coefficient of rank correlation, what range of values can it have, and how is its numerical value interpreted?
14.53 A local supermarket has contracted for floor cleaning and polishing to be done each evening by a small work crew using mechanized equipment. After the crew has performed the service for several weeks and settled into a routine, the supermarket manager has timed the most recent jobs to get a
14.52 Product testers for a radio manufacturer routinely select a sample of units from the production line and test circuit integrity by subjecting each unit to extreme vibrations that are approximately triple the most violent shaking they are ever likely to encounter in the field. For the most
14.51 A random sample of recent LSAT (Law School Admission Test) scores submitted by applicants to a university’s law program are as listed below. Using the 0.10 level of significance, apply the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality in examining whether the scores could have come from a normally
14.50 Franchise headquarters claims it randomly selected the local franchises that received surprise visits during the past year. The sequence of visits is as shown below for male (M) versus female (F) managers. Using the 0.10 level of significance, evaluate the randomness of the sequence.F M M M F
14.49 From 1789 through 1870, the last names of associate justices appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court were as coded below. Last names beginning with A–M are shown as a “1,” those beginning with N–Z as a “2.”Compare the observed number of runs with the expected number, then interpret
14.48 How many runs are there in each of the following series?a. 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1b. 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1c. 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1d. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14.47 In the runs test for randomness, what is a “run”?
14.46 Using the data of Exercise 14.8 and the 0.05 level, apply the sign test to compare the data with the claimed median. How do the results compare to those of that exercise? If they differ, what does this imply about the respective tests?
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