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business statistics communicating
Business Statistics A Decision Making Approach 8th Edition David F. Groebner, Patrick W. Shannon, Phillip C. Fry, Kent D. Smith - Solutions
A sample of 10 yields the following data:x 10 8 11 7 10 11 6 7 15 9 y 103 85 115 73 97 102 65 75 155 95a. Provide a 95% confidence interval for the average y when xp 9.4.b. Provide a 95% confidence interval for the average y when xp 10.c. Obtain the margin of errors for both part a and partb.
You are given the following summary statistics from a regression analysis:ˆ.(y x SSE SSX X 200 150 25 25 Sum of squares Σ x x nx− ) ,.2 99 645 18 52 0a. Determine the point estimate for y if xp 48 is used.b. Provide a 95% confidence interval estimate for the average y, given xp 48.
Referring to the displayed regression model, what percent of variation in the y variable is explained by the x variable in the model?
You are given the following sample data:x y 10 3 6 7 9 3 3 8 2 9 8 5 3 7a. Develop a scatter plot for these data.b. Determine the regression equation for the data.c. Develop a 95% confidence interval estimate for the true regression slope and interpret this interval estimate.d. Provide a 95%
College tuition has risen at a pace faster than inflation for more than two decades, according to an article in USA Today. The following data indicate the average college tuition (in 2003 dollars) for private and public colleges:Period 1983–1984 1988–1989 1993–1994 1998–1999 2003–2004
Complaints concerning excessive commercials seem to grow as the amount of “clutter,” including commercials and advertisements for other television shows, steadily increases on network and cable television. A recent analysis by Nielsen Monitor-Plus compares the average nonprogram minutes in an
An article published in USA Today asserts that many children are abandoning outdoor for indoor activities.The National Sporting Goods Association annual survey for 2004 (the latest data available) compared activity levels in 1995 versus 2004. A random selection of children (7- to 11-year-olds)
A survey performed by Simmons Market Research investigated the percentage of individuals in various age groups who indicated they were willing to pay more for environmentally friendly products. The results were presented in USA Today “Snapshots”(July 21, 2005). The survey had approximately
The Cooper Company discussed in Problem 13-40 has a second contract with a private firm for which it makes fuses for an electronic instrument. The quality control department at Cooper periodically selects a random sample of five fuses and tests each fuse to determine whether it is defective. Based
Cooper Manufacturing, Inc., of Dallas, Texas, has a contract with the U.S. Air Force to produce a part for a new fighter plane being manufactured. The part is a bolt that has specifications requiring that the length be normally distributed with a mean of 3.05 inches and a standard deviation of
The College Bookstore has just hired a new manager, one with a business background. Claudia Markman has been charged with increasing the profitability of the bookstore, with the profits going to the general scholarship fund. Claudia started her job just before the beginning of the semester and was
In its ninth year, the Barclaycard Business Travel Survey has become an information source for business travelers not only in the United Kingdom but internationally as well. Each year, as a result of the research, Barclaycard Business has been able to predict and comment on trends within the
Based on the sample data in the following frequency distribution, conduct a test to determine whether the population from which the sample data were selected is Poisson distributed with mean equal to 6. Test using a 0.05.x Frequency 2 or less 7 3 29 4 26 5 52 6 77 7 77 8 72 x Frequency 9 53 10 35
An investigation into the effects of various levels of nitrogren (M. L. Vitosh, Tri-State Fertilizer Recommendations for Corn, Soybeans, Wheat and Alfalfa, Bulletin E-2567) at Ohio State University addressed the pounds per acre of nitrogen required to produce certain yield levels of corn on fields
PhoneEx provides call center services for many different companies. A large increase in its business has made it necessary to establish a new call center. Four cities are being considered—Little Rock,Wichita, Tulsa, and Memphis. The new center will employ approximately 1,500 workers, and PhoneEx
Maynards, a regional home improvement store chain located in the Intermountain West, is considering upgrading to a new series of scanning systems for its automatic checkout lanes. Although scanners can save customers a great deal of time, scanners will sometimes misread an item’s price code.
The use of high-technology materials and design has dramatically impacted the game of golf. Not only are the professionals hitting the balls farther but so too are the average players. This has led to a rush to design new and better equipment.Gordon Manufacturing produces golf balls.Recently,
A USA Today editorial addressed the growth of compensation for corporate CEOs. As an example, quoting a study made by BusinessWeek, USA Today indicated that the pay packages for CEOs have increased almost sevenfold on average from 1994 to 2004. The file entitled CEODough contains the salaries of
Anyone who has gone into a supermarket or discount store has walked by displays at the end of aisles. These are referred to as endcaps and are often prized because they increase the visibility of products. A manufacturer of tortilla chips has recently developed a new product, a blue corn tortilla
A senior analyst working for Ameritrade has reviewed purchases his customers have made over the last six months. He has categorized the mutual funds purchased into eight categories: (1) Aggressive Growth(AG), (2) Growth (G), (3) Growth-Income (G-I), (4)Income Funds (IF), (5) International (I), (6)
Recent news stories have highlighted errors national companies such as H & R Block have made in preparing taxes. However, many people rely on local accountants to handle their tax work. A local television station, which prides itself on doing investigative reporting, decided to determine whether
The W. Atlee Burpee Co. was founded in Philadelphia in 1876 by an 18-year-old with a passion for plants and animals and a mother willing to lend him $1,000 of “seed money” to get started in business. Today, it is owned by George Ball Jr. One of Burpee’s most demanded seeds is corn. Burpee
The development of the Internet has made many things possible, in addition to downloading music. In particular, it allows an increasing number of people to telecommute, or work from home. Although this has many advantages, it has required some companies to provide employees with the necessary
In any of the multiple comparison techniques(Tukey-Kramer, LSD), the estimate of the withinsample variance uses data from the entire experiment. However, if one were to do a two-sample t-test to determine if there were a difference between any two means, the estimate of the population variances
A two-way analysis of variance experiment is to be conducted to examine CEO salaries ($K) as a function of the number of years the CEO has been with the company and the size of the company’s sales. The years spent with the company are categorized into 0–3, 4–6, 7–9, and 9 years. The size
Discuss why in some circumstances it is appropriate to use the randomized complete block design. Give an example other than those discussed in the text where this design could be used.
In journals related to your major locate two articles where tests of three or more population means were important. Discuss the issue being addressed, how the data were collected, the results of the statistical test, and any conclusions drawn based on the analysis.
A one-way analysis of variance has just been performed. The conclusion reached is that the null hypothesis stating the population means are equal has not been rejected. What would you expect the Tukey-Kramer procedure for multiple comparisons to show if it were performed for all pairwise
The amount of sodium in food has been of increasing concern due to its health implications. Beers from various producers have been analyzed for their sodium content. The file entitled Sodium contains the amount of sodium (mg) discovered in 12 fluid ounces of beer produced by the four major
The Iams Company sells Eukanuba and Iams premium dog and cat foods (dry and canned) in 70 countries. Iams makes dry dog and cat food at plants in Lewisburg, Ohio; Aurora, Nebraska; Henderson, North Carolina;Leipsic, Ohio; and Coevorden, The Netherlands. Its Eukanuba brand dry dog foods come in five
A psychologist is conducting a study to determine whether there are differences between the ability of history majors and mathematics majors to solve various types of puzzles. Five mathematics majors and five history majors were randomly selected from the students at a liberal arts college in
Mt. Jumbo Plywood Company makes plywood for use in furniture production. The first major step in the plywood process is the peeling of the logs into thin layers of veneer. A lathe that rotates the logs through a knife that peels the log into layers 3/8-inch thick conducts the peeling process.
A popular consumer staple was displayed in different locations in the same aisle of a grocery store to determine what, if any, effect different placement might have on its sales. The product was placed at one of three heights on the aisle—low, medium, and high—and at one of three locations in
A manufacturing firm produces a single product on three production lines. Because the lines were developed at different points in the firm’s history, they use different equipment. The firm is considering changing the layouts of the lines and would like to know what effects different layouts would
A PEW Research Center survey concentrated on the issue of weight loss. It investigated how many pounds heavier the respondents were than their perceived ideal weight. It investigated whether these perceptions differed among different regions of the country and gender of the respondents. The
A two-factor experiment yielded the following data:Factor A Factor B Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 375 402 395 390 396 390 Level 2 335 336 320 342 338 331 Level 3 302 485 351 324 455 346a. Determine if there is interaction between factor A and factor B. Use the p-value approach and a significance
Consider the following partially completed two-factor analysis of variance table, which is an outgrowth of a study in which factor A has four levels and factor B has three levels. The number of replications was 11 in each cell.Source of Variation SS df MS F-Ratio Factor A 345.1 4 Factor B 28.12 AB
Consider the following data for a two-factor experiment:Factor A Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 33 30 21 Level 1 31 42 30 35 36 30 Factor B 23 30 21 Level 2 32 27 33 27 25 18a. Based on the sample data, do factors A and B have significant interaction? State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses
Examine the following two-factor analysis of variance table:Source SS df MS F-Ratio Factor A 162.79 4 Factor B 28.12 AB Interaction 262.31 12 Error _______ __ Total 1,298.74 84a. Complete the analysis of variance table.b. Determine if interaction exists between factor A and factor B. Use a
When the world’s largest retailer,Wal-Mart, decided to enter the grocery marketplace in a big way with its“Super Stores,” it changed the retail grocery landscape in a major way. The other major chains such as Albertsons have struggled to stay competitive. In addition, regional discounters
The Cordage Institute, based in Wayne, Pennsylvania, is an international association of manufacturers, producers, and resellers of cordage, rope, and twine. It is a not-for-profit corporation that reports on research concerning these products.Although natural fibers like manila, sisal, and cotton
In a local community there are three grocery chain stores.The three have been carrying out a spirited advertising campaign in which each claims to have the lowest prices.A local news station recently sent a reporter to the three stores to check prices on several items. She found that for certain
Applebee’s International, Inc., is a U.S. company that develops, franchises, and operates the Applebee’s Neighborhood Grill and Bar restaurant chain. It is the largest chain of casual dining restaurants in the country, with over 1,500 restaurants across the United States. The headquarters is
Grant Thornton LLP is the U.S. member firm of Grant Thornton International, one of the six global accounting, Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Doctorate 83 81 82 Master’s 77 75 79 Bachelor’s 74 73 75 High School 72 70 69a. Indicate why blocking was employed in this design.b. Determine if blocking was
Grant Thornton LLP is the U.S. member firm of Grant Thornton International, one of the six global accounting, tax, and business advisory organizations. It provides firmwide auditing training for its employees in three different auditing methods. Auditors were grouped into four blocks according to
CB Industries operates three shifts every day of the week. Each shift includes full-time hourly workers, nonsupervisory salaried employees, and supervisors/managers. CB Industries would like to know if there is a difference among the shifts in terms of the number of hours of work missed due to
The California Lettuce Research Board was originally formed as the Iceberg Lettuce Advisory Board in 1973.The primary function of the board is to fund research on iceberg and leaf lettuce. The California Lettuce Research Board published research (M. Cahn and H. Ajwa, “Salinity Effects on Quality
Frasier and Company manufactures four different products that it ships to customers throughout the United States. Delivery times are not a driving factor in the decision as to which type of carrier to use (rail, plane, or truck) to deliver the product. However, breakage cost is very expensive, and
A randomized complete block design is carried out, resulting in the following statistics:Source x1 x2 x3 x4 Primary Factor 237.15 315.15 414.01 612.52 Block 363.57 382.22 438.33 SST 364,428a. Determine if blocking was effective for this design.b. Using a significance level of 0.05, produce the
The following sample data were recently collected in the course of conducting a randomized block analysis of variance. Based on these sample data, what conclusions should be reached about blocking effectiveness and about the means of the three populations involved? Test using a significance level
The following ANOVA table and accompanying information are the result of a randomized block ANOVA test.Summary Count Sum Average Variance 1 4 443 110.8 468.9 2 4 275 68.8 72.9 3 4 1,030 257.5 1891.7 4 4 300 75.0 433.3 5 4 603 150.8 468.9 6 4 435 108.8 72.9 7 4 1,190 297.5 1891.7 8 4 460 115.0 433.3
The following data were collected for a randomized block analysis of variance design with four populations and eight blocks:Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Block 1 56 44 57 84 Block 2 34 30 38 50 Block 3 50 41 48 52 Block 4 19 17 21 30 Block 5 33 30 35 38 Block 6 74 72 78 79 Block 7 33 24 27 33
A study was conducted to determine if differences in new textbook prices exist between on-campus bookstores, off-campus bookstores, and Internet bookstores. To control for differences in textbook prices that might exist across disciplines, the study randomly selected 12 textbooks and recorded the
A regional package delivery company is considering changing from full-size vans to minivans. The company sampled minivans from each of three manufacturers. The number sampled represents the number the manufacturer was able to provide for the test. Each minivan was driven for 5,000 miles, and the
Damage to homes caused by burst piping can be expensive to repair. By the time the leak is discovered, hundreds of gallons of water may have already flooded the home. Automatic shutoff valves can prevent extensive water damage from plumbing failures. The valves contain sensors that cut off water
Suppose as part of your job you are responsible for installing emergency lighting in a series of state office buildings. Bids have been received from four manufacturers of battery-operated emergency lights.The costs are about equal, so the decision will be based on the length of time the lights
The manager at the Hillsberg Savings and Loan is interested in determining whether there is a difference in the mean time that customers spend completing their transactions depending on which of four tellers they use. To conduct the test, the manager has selected simple random samples of 15
The Weidmann Group Companies, with headquarters in Rapperswil, Switzerland, are worldwide leaders in insulation systems technology for power and distribution transformers. One facet of its expertise is the development of dielectric fluids in electrical equipment. Mineral oil–based dielectric
ESSROC Cement Corporation is a leading North American cement producer, with over 6.5 million metric tons of annual capacity. With headquarters in Nazareth, Pennsylvania, ESSROC operates production facilities strategically located throughout the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. One of its
EverRun Incorporated produces treadmills for use in exercise clubs and recreation centers. EverRun assembles, sells, and services its treadmills, but it does not manufacture the treadmill motors. Rather, treadmill motors are purchased from an outside vendor. Currently, EverRun is considering which
In conjunction with the housing foreclosure crisis of 2009, many economists expressed increasing concern about the level of credit card debt and efforts of banks to raise interest rates on these cards. The banks claimed the increases were justified. A Senate sub-committee decided to determine if
Examine the three samples obtained independently from three populations:Item Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 1 14 17 17 2 13 16 14 3 12 16 15 4 15 18 16 5 16 14 6 16a. Conduct a one-way analysis of variance on the data.Use alpha 0.05.b. If warranted, use the Tukey-Kramer procedure to determine which
Given the following sample data Item Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 1 20.9 28.2 17.8 21.2 2 27.2 26.2 15.9 23.9 3 26.6 21.6 18.4 19.5 4 22.1 29.7 20.2 17.4 5 25.3 30.3 14.1 6 30.1 25.9 7 23.8a. Based on the computations for the within- and between-sample variation, develop the ANOVA table and test
Respond to each of the following questions using this partially completed one-way ANOVA table:Source of Variation SS df MS F-ratio Between Samples 3 Within Samples 405 __ Total 888 31a. How many different populations are being considered in this analysis?b. Fill in the ANOVA table with the missing
Respond to each of the following questions using this partially completed one-way ANOVA table:Source of Variation SS df MS F-ratio Between Samples 1,745 Within Samples 240 Total 6,504 246a. How many different populations are being considered in this analysis?b. Fill in the ANOVA table with the
A manager is interested in testing whether three populations of interest have equal population means.Simple random samples of size 10 were selected from each population. The following ANOVA table and related statistics were computed:ANOVA: Single Factor Summary Groups Count Sum Average Variance
An analyst is interested in testing whether four populations have equal means. The following sample data have been collected from populations that are assumed to be normally distributed with equal variances:Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 9 12 8 17 6 16 8 15 11 16 12 17 14 12 7 16 14 9 10 13
A start-up cell phone applications company is interested in determining whether household incomes are different for subscribers to three different service providers. A random sample of 25 subscribers to each of the three service providers was taken, and the annual household income for each
Phone Solutions provides assistance to users of a personal finance software package. Users of the software call with their questions, and trained consultants provide answers and information. One concern that Phone Solutions must deal with is the staffing of its call centers. As part of the staffing
The Federal Reserve reported in its comprehensive Survey of Consumer Finances, released every three years, that the average income of families in the United States increased from 2004 to 2007 after declining from 2001 to 2004. A sample of incomes was taken in 2004 and repeated in 2007. After
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA)examined the possibility of a Registered Traveler program. This program is intended to be a way to shorten security lines for “trusted travelers.” USA Today published an article on a study run at the Orlando International Airport. Thirteen
Freedom Hospital is in the midst of contract negotiations with its resident physicians. There has been a lot of discussion about the hospital’s ability to pay and the way patients are charged. The doctors’negotiator recently mentioned the geriatric charge system does not make sense. The
The X-John Company makes batteries specifically designed for cellular telephones. Recently, the research and development (R&D) department developed a new battery it believes will be less expensive to produce. The R&D engineers are concerned, however, about the consistency in the lasting power of
The operations manager for Cozine Corporation is concerned with variation in the number of pounds of garbage collected per truck. If this variation is too high, the manager will change the truck pickup routes to try to better balance the loads. The manager believes the current truck routing system
The California State Highway Patrol recently conducted a study on a stretch of interstate highway south of San Francisco to determine what differences, if any, existed in driving speeds of cars licensed in California and cars licensed in Nevada. One of the issues to be examined was whether there
A Tillinghast-Towers-Perrin (TTP) study estimated the cost of the U.S. tort system to be $260 billion. This is approximately $886 per U.S. citizen. A response by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) indicated that approximately half of the costs ($113 billion) were not costs in any real economic
The College Board’s 2008 Trends in Student Aid addresses, among other topics, the difference in the average college debt accumulated by undergraduate bachelor of arts degree recipients by type of college for the 2006–2007 academic year. Samples were used to determine this difference, in which
Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated (CCBCC), headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, uses quality control techniques to assure that the average amount of Coke in the cans is 12 ounces. It maintains that a small standard deviation of 0.05 ounces is acceptable. Any significant deviation in this
Belden Inc. (NYSE: BWC) and Cable Design Technologies Corp. (NYSE: CDT) merged on Thursday, July 15, 2004. The new company, Belden CDT Inc., is one of the largest U.S.–based manufacturers of high-speed electronic cables and focuses on products for the specialty electronics and data networking
A medical research group is investigating what differences might exist between two pain-killing drugs, Azerleive and Zynumbic. The researchers have already established there is no difference between the two drugs in terms of the average amount of time required before they take effect. However, they
Maher Saddles, Inc., produces bicycle seats. Among the many seats produced is one for the high-end mountain bicycle market. Maher’s operation manager has recently made a change in the production process for this high-end seat and is scheduled to report on measures associated with the new process
In the production of its Nutty Toffee, Cordum Candies must carefully control the temperature of its cooking process. However, in response to customer surveys, the company has recently increased the size of the chopped nuts used in the process. The marketing manager is concerned that this change
Consider testing the hypothesis using samples of respective sizes 6 and 11. Note that we could represent this hypothesis as .The samples yield s2 1 42.2 and s2 2 1.1. It hardly seems worth the time to conduct this test since the test statistic will obviously be very large, leading us to reject
Identify three situations where organizations would be interested in limiting the standard deviation of a process.
In a journal related to your major, locate an article where a hypothesis about one or two population variances is tested. Discuss why population variation was an important issue in the article, how the hypothesis was formulated, and the results of the test.
Identify three situations where the measured output of a process has a small variation and three situations where the variation is larger (for instance, the time for a phone call to ring the other phone versus the time to speak to a person when making a service call).
A USA Today editorial (Alejandro Gonzalez, “CEO Dough”) addressed the growth of compensation for corporate CEOs. Part of the story quoted a study done for BusinessWeek, which indicated that the pay packages have increased almost sevenfold on average from 1994 to 2004. The file entitled CEODough
The Boston Globe (“College Graduation Rates below National Average”) examined the graduation rates at community colleges in Massachusetts. Overall, 16.4% of full-time community college students in Massachusetts earn a degree or certificate within three years. This appears to be well below the
The First Night Stage Company operates a small, nonprofit theater group in Milwaukee. Each year the company solicits donations to help fund its operations.This year, it obtained the help of a marketing research company in the city. This company’s representatives proposed two different
The Celltone company is in the business of providing cellular phone coverage. Recently, it conducted a study of its customers who have purchased either the “Basic Plan” or the “Business Plan” service. At issue is the number of minutes of use by the customers during the midnight to 7:00 A.M.
A Midwest college admissions committee recently conducted a study to determine the relative debt incurred by students receiving their degrees in four years versus those taking more than four years. Some on the committee speculated a four-year student would likely be attending full time, whereas one
Even before the “Ownership Society” programs of Presidents Clinton and Bush, the federal government was heavily involved in the housing market, primarily in the form of tax deductions for mortgage interest payments. In a study just prior to the foreclosure crisis starting in 2008, the Urban
The production control manager at Ashmore Manufacturing is interested in determining whether there is a difference in standard deviation of product diameter for part #XC-343 for units made at the Trenton, New Jersey, plant versus those made at the Atlanta plant. The Trenton plant is highly
As purchasing agent for the Horner-Williams Company, you have primary responsibility for securing high-quality raw materials at the best possible price.One particular material that the Horner-Williams Company uses a great deal of is aluminum. After careful study, you have been able to reduce the
The manager of the Public Broadcasting System for Tennessee is considering changing from the traditional week-long contribution campaign to an intensive oneday campaign. In an effort to better understand current donation patterns, she is studying past data. A staff member from a neighboring state
You are given two random samples with the following information:Based on these samples, test at a 0.10 whether the true difference in population variances is equal to zero. Item Sample 1 Sample 2 1 19.6 21.3 10 22 34567890 22.1 17.4 19.5 19.0 20.0 21.2 21.5 20.1 20.21 23.5 17.9 18.9 23.0 22.4 12.5
Consider the following two independently chosen samples:Use a significance level of 0.05 for testing the hypothesis that s2 1 s2 2. Sample 1 Sample 2 12.1 10.5 13.4 9.5 11.7 8.2 10.7 7.8 14.0 11.1
Given the following null and alternative hypothesesand the following sample informationa. If a 0.02, state the decision rule for the hypothesis.b. Test the hypothesis and indicate whether the null hypothesis should be rejected.
Find the appropriate critical F-value, from the F-distribution table, for each of the following:a. D1 16, D2 14, a 0.01b. D1 5, D2 12, a 0.05c. D1 16, D2 20, a 0.01
Given the following null and alternative hypothesesand the following sample informationa. If a 0.01, state the decision rule for the hypothesis. (Be careful to pay attention to the alternative hypothesis to construct this decision rule.)b. Test the hypothesis and indicate whether the null
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