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business statistics using excel
Introductory Statistics 7th Edition Prem S Mann - Solutions
4.98 A telephone poll conducted of 1000 adult Americans for the Washington Post in March 2009 asked about current events in the United States. Suppose that of the 1000 respondents, 629 stated that they were cutting back on their daily spending. Suppose that 322 of the 629 people who stated that
4.97 The probability that an employee at a company is a female is .36. The probability that an employee is a female and married is .19. Find the conditional probability that a randomly selected employee from this company is married given that she is a female.
4.96 The probability that a student graduating from Suburban State University has student loans to pay off after graduation is .60. The probability that a student graduating from this university has student loans to pay off after graduation and is a male is .24. Find the conditional probability
4.95 The probability that a farmer is in debt is .80. What is the probability that three randomly selected farmers are all in debt? Assume independence of events.
4.94 The probability that any given person is allergic to a certain drug is .03. What is the probability that none of three randomly selected persons is allergic to this drug? Assume that all three persons are independent.
4.93 Five percent of all items sold by a mail-order company are returned by customers for a refund. Find the probability that, of two items sold during a given hour by this company,a. both will be returned for a refundb. neither will be returned for a refund Draw a tree diagram for this problem.
4.92 A contractor has submitted bids for two state construction projects. The probability of winning each contract is .25, and it is the same for both contracts.a. What is the probability that he will win both contracts?b. What is the probability that he will win neither contract?Draw a tree
4.91 The probability that a student graduating from Suburban State University has student loans to pay off after graduation is .60. If two students are randomly selected from this university, what is the probability that neither of them has student loans to pay off after graduation?
4.90 The probability is .80 that a senior from a large college in New York State has never gone to Florida for spring break. If two college seniors are selected at random from this college, what is the probability that the first has never gone to Florida for spring break and the second has? Draw a
4.89 In a group of 10 persons, 4 have a type A personality and 6 have a type B personality. If two persons are selected at random from this group, what is the probability that the first of them has a type A personality and the second has a type B personality? Draw a tree diagram for this problem.
4.88 A company is to hire two new employees. They have prepared a final list of eight candidates, all of whom are equally qualified. Of these eight candidates, five are women. If the company decides to select two persons randomly from these eight candidates, what is the probability that both of
4.87 In a political science class of 35 students, 21 favor abolishing the electoral college and thus electing the President of the United States by popular vote. If two students are selected at random from this class, what is the probability that both of them favor abolition of the electoral
4.86 In a statistics class of 42 students, 28 have volunteered for community service in the past. If two students are selected at random from this class, what is the probability that both of them have volunteered for community service in the past? Draw a tree diagram for this problem.
4.85 Two thousand randomly selected adults were asked if they think they are financially better off than their parents. The following table gives the two-way classification of the responses based on the education levels of the persons included in the survey and whether they are financially better
4.84 A consumer agency randomly selected 1700 flights for two major airlines, A and B. The following table gives the two-way classification of these flights based on airline and arrival time. Note that “less than 30 minutes late” includes flights that arrived early or on time.Less Than 30 30
4.83 Two thousand randomly selected adults were asked whether or not they have ever shopped on the Internet. The following table gives a two-way classification of the responses obtained.Have Shopped Have Never Shopped Male 500 700 Female 300 500a. Suppose one adult is selected at random from these
4.82 Five hundred employees were selected from a city’s large private companies and asked whether or not they have any retirement benefits provided by their companies. Based on this information, the following two-way classification table was prepared.Have Retirement Benefits Yes No Men 225 75
4.81 The following table gives a two-way classification of all basketball players at a state university who began their college careers between 2001 and 2005, based on gender and whether or not they graduated.Graduated Did Not Graduate Male 126 55 Female 133 32a. If one of these players is selected
4.80 In a sample survey, 1800 senior citizens were asked whether or not they have ever been victimized by a dishonest telemarketer. The following table gives the responses by age group (in years).Have Been Have Never Victimized Been Victimized 60–69 (A) 106 698 Age 70–79 (B) 145 447 80 or over
4.79 Given that P B 0 A and P A and B .58, find P A .
4.78 Given that P A 0 B and P A and B .36, find P B .
4.77 Given that P B .65 and P A and B .45, find P A 0 B .
4.76 Given that P A .30 and P A and B .24, find P B 0 A .
4.75 Given that A, B, and C are three independent events, find their joint probability for the following.a. P A .49, P B .67, and P C .75b. P A .71, P B .34, and P C .45
4.74 Given that A, B, and C are three independent events, find their joint probability for the following.a. P A .20, P B .46, and P C .25b. P A .44, P B .27, and P C .43
4.73 Given that A and B are two independent events, find their joint probability for the following.a. P A .20 and P B .76b. P A .57 and P B .32
4.72 Given that A and B are two independent events, find their joint probability for the following.a. P A .61 and P B .27b. P A .39 and P B .63
4.71 Find the joint probability of A and B for the following.a. P B .59 and P A 0 Bb. P A .28 and P B 0 A
4.70 Find the joint probability of A and B for the following.a. P A .40 and P B 0 Ab. P B .65 and P A 0 B
4.69 What is the joint probability of two mutually exclusive events? Give one example.
4.68 How is the multiplication rule of probability for two dependent events different from the rule for two independent events?
4.67 What is meant by the joint probability of two or more events? Give one example.
4.66 Explain the meaning of the intersection of two events. Give one example.
4.65 The probability that a randomly selected college student attended at least one major league baseball game last year is .12. What is the complementary event? What is the probability of this complementary event?
4.64 According to a 2007 America’s Families and Living Arrangements Census Bureau survey, 52.1 million children lived with both of their parents in the same household, whereas 21.6 million lived with at most one parent in the household. Assume that all U.S. children are included in this survey
4.63 Let A be the event that a number less than 3 is obtained if we roll a die once. What is the probability of A? What is the complementary event of A, and what is its probability?
4.62 Define the following two events for two tosses of a coin:a. Are A and B mutually exclusive events? Are they independent? Explain why or why not.b. Are A and B complementary events? If yes, first calculate the probability of B and then calculate the probability of A using the complementary
4.61 A company hired 30 new college graduates last week. Of these, 16 are female and 11 are business majors. Of the 16 females, 9 are business majors. Are the events “female” and “business major” independent?Are they mutually exclusive? Explain why or why not.
4.60 Of a total of 100 CDs manufactured on two machines, 20 are defective. Sixty of the total CDs were manufactured on Machine I, and 10 of these 60 are defective. Are the events “machine type” and “defective CDs” independent? (Note: Compare this exercise with Example 4–20.)
4.59 There are a total of 160 practicing physicians in a city. Of them, 75 are female and 25 are pediatricians.Of the 75 females, 20 are pediatricians. Are the events “female” and “pediatrician” independent?Are they mutually exclusive? Explain why or why not.
4.58 Two thousand randomly selected adults were asked if they think they are financially better off than their parents. The following table gives the two-way classification of the responses based on the education levels of the persons included in the survey and whether they are financially better
4.57 A consumer agency randomly selected 1700 flights for two major airlines, A and B. The following table gives the two-way classification of these flights based on airline and arrival time. Note that “less than 30 minutes late” includes flights that arrived early or on time.Less Than 30 30
4.56 Five hundred employees were selected from a city’s large private companies, and they were asked whether or not they have any retirement benefits provided by their companies. Based on this information, the following two-way classification table was prepared.Have Retirement Benefits Yes No Men
4.55 Two thousand randomly selected adults were asked if they are in favor of or against cloning. The following table gives the responses.In Favor Against No Opinion Male 395 405 100 Female 300 680 120a. If one person is selected at random from these 2000 adults, find the probability that this
4.54 According to a March 2009 Gallup Poll (http://www.gallup.com/poll/117025/Support-Nuclear-Energy-Inches-New-High.aspx), 71% of Republicans/Republican leaners and 52% of Democrats/Democrat leaners favor the use of nuclear power. The survey consisted of 1012 American adults, approximately half of
4.53 Two thousand randomly selected adults were asked whether or not they have ever shopped on the Internet. The following table gives a two-way classification of the responses.Have Shopped Have Never Shopped Male 500 700 Female 300 500a. If one adult is selected at random from these 2000 adults,
4.52 A student is to select three classes for next semester. If this student decides to randomly select one course from each of eight economics classes, six mathematics classes, and five computer classes, how many different outcomes are possible?
4.51 A restaurant menu has four kinds of soups, eight kinds of main courses, five kinds of desserts, and six kinds of drinks. If a customer randomly selects one item from each of these four categories, how many different outcomes are possible?
4.50 A man just bought 4 suits, 8 shirts, and 12 ties. All of these suits, shirts, and ties coordinate with each other. If he is to randomly select one suit, one shirt, and one tie to wear on a certain day, how many different outcomes (selections) are possible?
4.49 A small ice cream shop has 10 flavors of ice cream and 5 kinds of toppings for its sundaes. How many different selections of one flavor of ice cream and one kind of topping are possible?
4.48 A statistical experiment has 10 equally likely outcomes that are denoted by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Let event A {3, 4, 6, 9} and event B {1, 2, 5}.a. Are events A and B mutually exclusive events?b. Are events A and B independent events?c. What are the complements of events A and
4.47 A statistical experiment has eight equally likely outcomes that are denoted by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Let event A {2, 5, 7} and event B {2, 4, 8}.a. Are events A and B mutually exclusive events?b. Are events A and B independent events?c. What are the complements of events A and B,
4.46 How many different outcomes are possible for 10 tosses of a coin?
4.45 How many different outcomes are possible for four rolls of a die?
4.44 What is the complement of an event? What is the sum of the probabilities of two complementary events?
4.43 Briefly explain the meaning of independent and dependent events. Suppose A and B are two events.What formula can you use to prove whether A and B are independent or dependent?
4.42 What is meant by two mutually exclusive events? Give one example of two mutually exclusive events and another example of two mutually nonexclusive events.
4.41 Briefly explain the difference between the marginal and conditional probabilities of events. Give one example of each.
4.40 Suppose you have a loaded die and you want to find the (approximate) probabilities of different outcomes for this die. How would you find these probabilities? What procedure would you use? Explain briefly.
4.39 Suppose you want to find the (approximate) probability that a randomly selected family from Los Angeles earns more than $175,000 a year. How would you find this probability? What procedure would you use? Explain briefly.
4.38 In a sample of 500 families, 70 have a yearly income of less than $40,000, 220 have a yearly income of $40,000 to $80,000, and the remaining families have a yearly income of more than $80,000. Write the frequency distribution table for this problem. Calculate the relative frequencies for all
4.37 A sample of 820 adults showed that 80 of them had no credit cards, 116 had one card each, 94 had two cards each, 77 had three cards each, 43 had four cards each, and 410 had five or more cards each.Write the frequency distribution table for the number of credit cards an adult possesses.
4.36 In a large city, 15,000 workers lost their jobs last year. Of them, 7400 lost their jobs because their companies closed down or moved, 4600 lost their jobs due to insufficient work, and the remainder lost their jobs because their positions were abolished. If one of these 15,000 workers is
4.35 A sample of 400 large companies showed that 130 of them offer free health fitness centers to their employees on the company premises. If one company is selected at random from this sample, what is the probability that this company offers a free health fitness center to its employees on the
4.34 A sample of 500 large companies showed that 120 of them offer free psychiatric help to their employees who suffer from psychological problems. If one company is selected at random from this sample, what is the probability that this company offers free psychiatric help to its employees who
4.33 A company that plans to hire one new employee has prepared a final list of six candidates, all of whom are equally qualified. Four of these six candidates are women. If the company decides to select at random one person out of these six candidates, what is the probability that this person will
4.32 There are 1265 eligible voters in a town, and 972 of them are registered to vote. If one eligible voter is selected at random, what is the probability that this voter isa. registeredb. not registered?Do these two probabilities add up to 1.0? If yes, why?
4.31 A multiple-choice question on a test has five answers. If Dianne chooses one answer based on “pure guess,” what is the probability that her answer isa. correct?b. wrong?Do these two probabilities add up to 1.0? If yes, why?
4.30 Out of the 3000 families who live in a given apartment complex in New York City, 600 paid no income tax last year. What is the probability that a randomly selected family from these 3000 families did pay income tax last year?
4.29 In a group of 50 car owners, 8 own hybrid cars. If one car owner is selected at random from this group, what is the probability that this car owner owns a hybrid car?
4.28 In a statistics class of 42 students, 28 have volunteered for community service in the past. Find the probability that a randomly selected student from this class has volunteered for community service in the past.
4.27 A random sample of 2000 adults showed that 1320 of them have shopped at least once on the Internet.What is the (approximate) probability that a randomly selected adult has shopped on the Internet?
4.26 A die is rolled once. What is the probability thata. a number less than 5 is obtained?b. a number 3 to 6 is obtained?
4.25 A hat contains 40 marbles. Of them, 18 are red and 22 are green. If one marble is randomly selected out of this hat, what is the probability that this marble isa. red?b. green?
4.24 The coach of a college football team thinks that there is a .75 probability that the team will win the national championship this year. Is this a case of classical, relative frequency, or subjective probability?Explain why.
4.23 The president of a company has a hunch that there is a .80 probability that the company will be successful in marketing a new brand of ice cream. Is this a case of classical, relative frequency, or subjective probability? Explain why.
4.22 Thirty-two persons have applied for a security guard position with a company. Of them, 7 have previous experience in this area and 25 do not. Suppose one applicant is selected at random. Consider the following two events: This applicant has previous experience, and this applicant does not have
4.21 Suppose a randomly selected passenger is about to go through the metal detector at JFK Airport in New York City. Consider the following two outcomes: The passenger sets off the metal detector, and the passenger does not set off the metal detector. Are these two outcomes equally likely? Explain
4.20 Which of the following values cannot be probabilities of events and why?.46 2 3 .09 1.42 .96 9 4 1 4 .02
4.19 Which of the following values cannot be probabilities of events and why?1 5 .97 .55 1.56 5 3 0.0 2 7 1.0
4.18 Briefly explain for what kind of experiments we use the classical approach to calculate probabilities of events and for what kind of experiments we use the relative frequency approach.
4.17 Briefly explain the three approaches to probability. Give one example of each approach.
4.16 Briefly describe an impossible event and a sure event. What is the probability of the occurrence of each of these two events?
4.15 Briefly explain the two properties of probability.
4.14 Refer to Exercise 4.8. List all the outcomes included in each of the following events and mention which are simple and which are compound events.a. At most one person is against a tax increase on rich people.b. Exactly two persons are in favor of a tax increase on rich people.c. At least one
4.13 Refer to Exercise 4.7. List all the outcomes included in each of the following events. Indicate which are simple and which are compound events.a. At least one part is good.b. Exactly one part is defective.c. The first part is good and the second is defective.d. At most one part is good.
4.12 Refer to Exercise 4.6. List all the outcomes included in each of the following events and mention which are simple and which are compound events.a. Both answers are correct.b. At most one answer is wrong.c. The first answer is correct and the second is wrong.d. Exactly one answer is wrong.
4.11 Refer to Exercise 4.5. List all the outcomes included in each of the following events. Indicate which are simple and which are compound events.a. One person has an iPod and the other does not.b. At least one person has an iPod.c. Not more than one person has an iPod.d. The first person has an
4.10 Refer to Exercise 4.4. List all the outcomes included in each of the following events. Indicate which are simple and which are compound events.a. Both students suffer from math anxiety.b. Exactly one student suffers from math anxiety.c. The first student does not suffer and the second suffers
4.9 Draw a tree diagram for three tosses of a coin. List all outcomes for this experiment in a sample space S.
4.8 In a group of people, some are in favor of a tax increase on rich people to reduce the federal deficit and others are against it. (Assume that there is no other outcome such as “no opinion” and “do not know.”)Three persons are selected at random from this group and their opinions in
4.7 A box contains a certain number of computer parts, a few of which are defective. Two parts are selected at random from this box and inspected to determine if they are good or defective. How many total outcomes are possible? Draw a tree diagram for this experiment.
4.6 A test contains two multiple-choice questions. If a student makes a random guess to answer each question, how many outcomes are possible? Depict all these outcomes in a Venn diagram. Also draw a tree diagram for this experiment. (Hint: Consider two outcomes for each question—either the answer
4.5 In a group of adults, some have iPods, and others do not. If two adults are randomly selected from this group, how many total outcomes are possible? Draw a tree diagram for this experiment.
4.4 Two students are randomly selected from a statistics class, and it is observed whether or not they suffer from math anxiety. How many total outcomes are possible? Draw a tree diagram for this experiment.Draw a Venn diagram.
4.3 A box contains three items that are labeled A, B, and C. Two items are selected at random (without replacement) from this box. List all the possible outcomes for this experiment. Write the sample space S.
4.2 List the simple events for each of the following statistical experiments in a sample space S.a. One roll of a dieb. Three tosses of a coinc. One toss of a coin and one roll of a die
4.1 Define the following terms: experiment, outcome, sample space, simple event, and compound event.
TA3.9 Calculate the five-number summaries, the values of the upper and lower inner fences, and the values of the upper and lower outer fences for the data referred to in TA3.8. Create side-by-side boxplots for the data on three primary positions. Using these boxplots, compare the shapes of the age
TA3.8 Refer to Data Set III on the National Basketball Association. Calculate the mean, median, standard deviation, and interquartile range for the players’ ages separately for each of the three primary positions(center, forward, and guard). Is there a position that tends to have younger players,
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