Over two decades, the Japanese anesthesiologist Yoshitaka Fujii fabricated 172 papers. An investigating panel found no records of patients or of any medication given. Among the 172 bogus papers, 126 studies of randomized, double-blind, controlled trials were total fabrications. Fujii parlayed his high productivity into new jobs, research funding, and speaking fees. He even applied for prizes although he never won. Discuss this case.