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database management systems
Fundamentals Of Database Management Systems 2nd Edition Mark L. Gillenson - Solutions
Based on an entity-relationship diagram, how can you determine how many tables there will be in the corresponding relational database?
Describe the process for converting entities in each of the following relationships into relational database structures:a. One-to-one binary relationship.b. One-to-many binary relationship.c. Many-to-many binary relationship.d. One-to-one unary relationship.e. One-to-many unary relationship.f.
Describe the data normalization process including its specific steps. Why is it referred to as a ‘‘decomposition process?’’
Explain the following terms:a. Functional dependency.b. Determinant.
What characterizes unnormalized data?Why is such data problematic?
What characterizes tables in first normal form? Why is such data problematic?
What is a partial functional dependency? What does the term ‘‘fully functionally dependent’’ mean?
What is the rule for converting tables in first normal form to tables in second normal form?
What is the definition of data in second normal form?
What is a transitive dependency?
What is the rule for converting tables in second normal form to tables in third normal form?
What is the definition of data in third normal form?
What are the characteristics of data in third normal form?
How can data normalization be used to check the results of the E-R diagram-to-relational database conversion process?
What SQL command do you use to produce a new table structure? What SQL command do you use to discard a table?
What is a view? What SQL commands do you use to produce a new view and to discard one that is no longer needed?
What are the SQL data manipulation commands and what are their functions?
Describe the following disk concepts or components.a. Platter and recording surface.b. Track.c. Cylinder.d. Read/write head.e. Access-arm mechanism.
Why is it important to store files on a cylinder-bycylinder basis?
Describe the four steps in the transfer of data from disk to primary memory.
What is a file organization? What is an access method? What do they accomplish?
What is an index? Compare the concept of the index in a book to an index in an information system.
Describe the idea of the simple linear index. What are its shortcomings?
What is an indexed-sequential file?
Describe the idea of the B+-tree index. What are its advantages over the simple linear index?
Describe how a direct search works using a B+-tree index.
Describe what happens to the index tree when you insert new records into a file with a B+-tree index.
Answer the following general questions about indexes:a. Can an index be built over a non-unique field?b. Can an index be built over a field if the file is not stored in sequence by that field?c. Can an index be built over a combination of fields as well as over a single field?d. Is there a limit to
Describe the idea of the hashed file. What are its advantages and disadvantages in comparison to indexes?
Describe how a direct search works in a hashed file using the division-remainder method of hashing.
What is a collision in a hashed file? Why do collisions occur? Why are they of concern in the application environment?
What is physical database design?
Describe why physical database design is necessary.
Explain why the need to perform joins is an important factor affecting application and database performance.
Why does the degree to which data is dispersed over a disk affect application and database performance?
Explain why the volume of data access operations can adversely affect application and database performance.
Which ‘‘input’’ is the starting point for physical database design?
Describe how response time requirements and throughput requirements determine the overall performance level of the application and database environment.
Describe the characteristics of the data in the database that must be considered as inputs to the physical database design process. Why are they important?
Describe the characteristics of the applications that must be considered as inputs to the physical database design process. Why are they important?
Why do DBMS and hardware characteristics have to be taken into account in the physical design process?
Explain the statement, ‘‘Some physical database design techniques change the logical design and some do not.’’
What attributes should be considered as candidates for having indexes built on them? What is the potential problem with building too many indexes?
What is a ‘‘view’’? Which factors affecting application and database performance can be dealt with by using views? Explain.
Describe the ‘‘clustering files’’ technique. What advantage is gained by using it? What is its disadvantage?
What is the difference between horizontal and vertical partitioning? What is their common advantage?Are their disadvantages the same or different?Explain.
Describe the physical design technique of substituting foreign keys. Under what circumstances would you use it?
Under what circumstances would you want to create a new single-attribute primary key in a table? What would it accomplish?
Under what circumstances would you want to store derived data in a table? What would it accomplish?
Combining tables that are in a one-to-one relationship, combining tables involving well controlled repeating groups, and denormalization all lead to the same performance advantage. What is it? Why is it important?
What is denormalization? Denormalization, while improving performance under certain circumstances, also leads to a serious problem. How does denormalization improve performance and what is this major drawback?
Duplicating entire tables or parts of tables (‘‘subset tables’’) obviously introduces data redundancy.What is the advantage of doing this? Do you think it’s worth the introduction of redundancy?Explain.
Name and briefly describe three deficiencies in the relational database model.
In object-oriented terminology, what is an object?What is a class?
Describe the advanced relationship known as‘‘generalization.’’ What are its benefits?
Describe how attributes are inherited in a generalization hierarchy.
What is an ‘‘operation?’’ Can operations be inherited? What is polymorphism?
Describe the advanced relationship known as‘‘aggregation.’’ What are its benefits?
What is encapsulation in object-oriented databases?What are its benefits?
What is an abstract data type (ADT)? What is the significance of a database system that is capable of creating ADTs?
What is an object/relational database management system? What are its advantages?
What is data administration?
What is database administration?
What are the advantages of having data administration and database administration departments?
Explain and defend the following statement: Data is a corporate resource and should be managed in the same manner in which other corporate resources are managed.
Why is it important in terms of efficiency in job specialization to have data and database administration specialists?
What is the importance in terms of externally acquired databases of data and database administration?
Defend the following statement: Data and database administration are even more important in the decentralized IS environment than in the centralized one.
List and briefly explain five major responsibilities of data administration.
Why is it important that data administrators perform a data coordination role?
What kinds of planning do data administrators have to do regarding data?
Defend or refute the following statement: Current IS technologies and practices make having data standards more important than ever before.
In general, what are data administration’s responsibilities to the professional and managerial employees of the company? Concentrate on training, publicity, and liaison tasks.
Why might data administration have to serve as the arbitrator of disputes?
List and briefly explain five major responsibilities of database administration.
Discuss database administration’s role in performance monitoring and troubleshooting.
How do database administration’s responsibilities to the data dictionary differ from data administration’s?
Describe the role of database administration in database design and explain why that role makes sense.
Explain in your own words why a data dictionary in a relational DBMS environment would have a‘‘Tables table.’’
What is the difference between an active and a passive data dictionary?
List some typical data dictionary entities.
List some typical uses of the data dictionary.
How does a relational catalog differ from a generalpurpose data dictionary? What is its role in the relational DBMS environment?
How does a data repository differ from a generalpurpose data dictionary?
Explain why data security is important.
Compare unauthorized data access with unauthorized data modification. Which do you think is the more serious issue? Explain.
Name and briefly describe three methods of breaching data security. Which do you think is potentially the most serious? Explain.
Howdoes the physical security of company premises affect data security?
How do magnetic stripe cards and fingerprints compare in terms of physical security protection?
Describe the rules for creating a good password.
Explain how the combination of views and the SQL GRANT command limits access to a relational database.
What is data encryption and why is it important to data security?
In your own words, describe how Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology works.
In your own words, describe how a proxy server firewall works.
Explain why backup and recovery is important.
What is a journal or log? How is one created?
Describe the two different problems that forward recovery and backward recovery are designed to handle. Do mirrored databases address one of these two problems or yet a third one? Explain.
In your own words, describe how forward recovery works.
In your ownwords, describe how backward recovery works.
What is disaster recovery? Can the techniques for backup and recovery be used for disaster recovery?
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