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Modern Database Management 10th Edition Heikki Topi, Jeffrey A Hoffer, Ramesh Venkataraman - Solutions
Explain the purpose of the CHECK clause within a CREATE TABLE SQL command. Explain the purpose of the WITH CHECK OPTION in a CREATE VIEW SQL command.
In an ORDER BY clause, what are the two ways to refer to the columns to be used for sorting the results of the query?
Within which clauses of an SQL statement can a derived table be defined?
In what order are the clauses of an SQL statement processed?
SQL:200n has a new keyword, MERGE. Explain how using this keyword allows one to accomplish updating and merging data into a table using one command rather than two.
What is an identity column? Explain the benefits of using the identity column capability in SQL.
When would the use of the LIKE keyword with the CREATE TABLE command be helpful?
Explain why SQL is called a set-oriented language.
In what clause of a SELECT statement is an IN operator used? What follows the IN operator? What other SQL operator can sometimes be used to perform the same operation as the IN operator? Under what circumstances can this other operator be used?
Describe a situation in which you would need to write a query using the HAVING clause.
If an SQL statement includes a GROUP BY clause, the attributes that can be requested in the SELECT statement will be limited. Explain that limitation.
What is the evaluation order for the Boolean operators(AND, OR, NOT) in an SQL command? How can one be sure that the operators will work in the desired order rather than in this prescribed order?
What is the difference between COUNT, COUNT DISTINCT, and COUNT(*) in SQL? When will these three commands generate the same and different results?
How is the order in which attributes appear in a result table changed? How are the column heading labels in a result table changed?
Explain and provide at least one example of how to qualify the ownership of a table in SQL. What has to occur for one user to be allowed to use a table in a database owned by another user?
Drawing on material covered in prior chapters, explain the factors to be considered in deciding whether to create a key index for a table in SQL.
Describe a set of circumstances for which using a view can save reprogramming effort.
Explain why it is necessary to limit the kinds of updates performed on data when referencing data through a view.
Explain some possible purposes of creating a view using SQL. In particular, explain how a view can be used to reinforce data security.
Explain how referential integrity is established in databases that are SQL:1999 compliant. Explain how the ON UPDATE RESTRICT, ON UPDATE CASCADE, and ON UPDATE SET NULL clauses differ from one another. What happens if the ON DELETE CASCADE clause is set?
Distinguish among data definition commands, data manipulation commands, and data control commands.
Describe the components and structure of a typical SQL environment.
List six potential benefits of achieving an SQL standard that is widely accepted.
Describe a relational DBMS (RDBMS), its underlying data model, its data storage structures, and how data relationships are established.
What are SQL-92, SQL:1999, and SQL:200n? Briefly describe how SQL:200n differs from SQL:1999.
Contrast the following terms:a. base table; viewb. dynamic view; materialized viewc. catalog; schema
Define each of the following terms:a. base tableb. data definition languagec. data manipulation languaged. dynamic viewe. materialized viewf. referential integrity constraint g. relational DBMS (RDBMS)h. schema i. virtual table
Identify five reports to be generated by the database and create a composite usage map for each.
Using Microsoft Visio (or similar tool designated by your instructor), create the physical data model for the MVCH relational schema you developed in Chapter 4, clearly indicating data types, primary keys, and foreign keys.
Create a data dictionary similar to the metadata table shown in Table 1-1 in Chapter 1 to document your choices.For each table in the relational schema you developed earlier, provide the following information for each field/data element: field name, definition/description, data type, format,
Review the information provided in the case segments and identify the data type for each field in the database.• Do you see any opportunities for user-defined data types? Which fields? Why?• Are any fields candidates for coding? If so, what coding scheme would you use for each of these
In Case Exercise 3, you created a composite usage map for part of the MVCH database, based on MVCH Figure 5-1.Referring to that composite usage map, do you see any opportunities for clustering rows from two or more tables?Why or why not? Is the concept of clustering tables supported in SQL Server?
MVCH Figure 5-1 shows a portion of the data model for MVCH’s database that represents a set of normalized relations based on the enterprise model shown in MVCH Figure 1-1 and additional business rules provided in the Chapter 2 case segment. Recall that TREATMENT refers to any test or procedure
In Case Exercise 3 from Chapter 4, you developed the relational schema for Dr. Z’s Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Clinic Management System.a. Do you see any opportunities for user-defined data types? Which fields? Why?b. Are any fields candidates for coding? If so, what coding scheme would you use for
In Case Exercise 2 in Chapter 4, you wrote CREATE TABLE commands for each relation of Dr. Z’s small database, which was to be created in Microsoft Access. Since then, Dr. Z has decided to use Microsoft SQL Server, consistent with other databases at MVCH. Reconsider your previous CREATE TABLE
This chapter describes the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which is not focused on not-for-profit providers such as many community hospitals.a. Can you see how MVCH could benefit from voluntarily complying with SOX?b. Specifically how can proper physical database design help with compliance and the
Consider the following query against the MVCH database:For each treatment ordered in the past two weeks, list by treatment ID and date (in reverse chronological order) the number of times a physician performed that treatment that day, sorted alphabetically by physician name.a. Which secondary key
Do you see an opportunity for using a join index for this database? Why or why not?
Are there opportunities for horizontal or vertical partitioning of this database? If you are not sure, what other information would you need to answer this question with greater certainty?
What different types or forms of clinical data are collected at a hospital such as MVCH? Can you identify data that may not be easily accommodated by the standard data types provided by a DBMS? How would you handle that?
What additional kinds of information do you need for the physical database design of the MVCH database besides the 3NF relations you developed earlier for this case in Chapter 4?
Contact a database designer or administrator in an organization with which you are familiar. Ask what file organizations are available in the various DBMSs used in that organization. Interview this person to learn what factors he or she considers when selecting an organization for database
Denormalization can be a controversial topic among database designers. Some believe that any database should be fully normalized (even using all the normal forms discussed in Appendix B). Others look for ways to denormalize to improve processing performance. Contact a database designer or
Using the Web site for this text and other Internet resources, investigate the parallel processing capabilities of several leading DBMSs. How do their capabilities differ?
Find out which database management systems are available at your university for student use. Investigate which data types these DBMSs support. Compare these DBMSs based on the data types supported and suggest which types of applications each DBMS is best suited for, based on this comparison.
Consider the EER diagram for Pine Valley Furniture shown in Figure 3-12. Figure 5-9 looks at a portion of that EER diagram.Let’s make a few assumptions about the average usage of the system:• There are 50,000 customers, and of these, 80 percent represent regular accounts and 20 percent
Consider the composite usage map in Figure 5-1. After a period of time, the assumptions for this usage map have changed, as follows:• There is an average of 40 supplies (rather than 50) for each supplier.• Manufactured parts represent only 30 percent of all parts, and purchased parts represent
Create a join index on the CustomerID fields of the Customer_T and Order_T tables in Figure 4-4.
Parallel query processing, as described in this chapter, means that the same query is run on multiple processors and that each processor accesses in parallel a different subset of the database. Another form of parallel query processing, not discussed in this chapter, would partition the query so
Can clustering of files occur after the files are populated with records? Why or why not?
Consider Figure 4-36 and your answer to Problem and Exercise 19 in Chapter 4.Assume that the most important reports that the organization needs are as follows:• A list of the current developer’s project assignments• A list of the total costs for all projects• For each team, a list of its
Consider Figure 5-7b. Assuming that the empty rows in the leaves of this index show space where new records can be stored, explain where the record for Sooners would be stored. Where would the record for Flashes be stored? What might happen when one of the leaves is full and a new record needs to
Assume that a student table in a university database had an index on StudentID (the primary key) and indexes on Major, Age, MaritalStatus, and HomeZipCode (all secondary keys).Further, assume that the university wanted a list of students majoring in MIS or computer science, over age 25, and married
Suppose each record in a file were connected to the prior record and the next record in key sequence using pointers.Thus, each record might have the following format:Primary key, other attributes, pointer to prior record, pointer to next recorda. What would be the advantages of this file
Is it possible with a sequential file organization to permit sequential scanning of the data, based on several sorted orders? If not, why not? If it is possible, how?
What problems might arise from vertically partitioning a relation? Given these potential problems, what general conditions influence when to partition a relation vertically?
Consider the following normalized relations for a sports league:TEAM(TeamID, TeamName, TeamLocation)PLAYER(PlayerID, PlayerFirstName, PlayerLastName, PlayerDateOfBirth, PlayerSpecialtyCode)SPECIALTY(SpecialtyCode, SpecialtyDescription)CONTRACT(TeamID, PlayerID, StartTime, EndTime,
Consider the following normalized relations from a database in a large retail chain:STORE (StoreID, Region, ManagerID, SquareFeet)EMPLOYEE (EmployeeID, WhereWork, EmployeeName, EmployeeAddress)DEPARTMENT (DepartmentID, ManagerID, SalesGoal)SCHEDULE (DepartmentID, EmployeeID, Date)What opportunities
When a student has not chosen a major at a university, the university often enters a value of “Undecided” for the major field. Is “Undecided” a way to represent the null value?Should it be used as a default value? Justify your answer carefully.
Suppose you are designing a default value for the age field in a student record at your university. What possible values would you consider, and why? How might the default vary by other characteristics about the student, such as school within the university or degree sought?
Say that you are interested in storing the numeric value 3,456,349.2334. What will be stored, with each of the following Oracle data types:a. NUMBER(11)b. NUMBER(11,1)c. NUMBER(11,-2)d. NUMBER(6)e. NUMBER
Explain in your own words what the precision (p) and scale (s) parameters for the Oracle data type NUMBER mean.
Choose Oracle data types for the attributes in the normalized relations that you created in Problem and Exercise 19 in Chapter 4.
Choose Oracle data types for the attributes in the normalized relations in Figure 5-4b.
Consider the following two relations for Millennium College:STUDENT(StudentID, StudentName, CampusAddress, GPA)REGISTRATION(StudentID, CourseID, Grade)Following is a typical query against these relations:SELECT Student_T.StudentID, StudentName, CourseID, Grade FROM Student_T, Registration_T WHERE
Explain how parallel processing can improve query performance.
Indexing can clearly be very beneficial. Why should you not create an index for every column of every table of your database?
State nine rules of thumb for choosing indexes.
What is the purpose of clustering of data in a file?
What are the benefits of a hash index table?
List seven important criteria in selecting a file organization.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of horizontal and vertical partitioning?
Explain the reasons why some observers are against the practice of denormalization.
List three common situations that suggest that relations be denormalized before database implementation.
Explain why normalized relations may not comprise an efficient physical implementation structure.
Describe three ways to handle missing field values.
What options are available for controlling data integrity at the field level?
Why are field values sometimes coded?
Explain why you sometimes have to reserve much more space for a numeric field than any of the initial stored values requires.
What are the objectives of selecting a data type for a field?
Explain how physical database design has an important role in forming a foundation for regulatory compliance.
What decisions have to be made to develop a field specification?
What are the key decisions in physical database design?
What are the major inputs into physical database design?
Contrast the following terms:a. horizontal partitioning; vertical partitioningb. physical file; tablespacec. normalization; denormalizationd. range control; null controle. secondary key; primary key
Define each of the following terms:a. file organizationb. sequential file organizationc. indexed file organizationd. hashing file organizatione. denormalizationf. composite key g. secondary key h. data type i. join index
If necessary, revisit and modify the EER model you developed in Chapter 3 and explain the changes you made.
Create enterprise keys for all relations and redefine all relations. Revise the relational schema accordingly.
Analyze and diagram the functional dependencies in each relation. If any relation is not in 3NF, decompose that relation into 3NF relations, using the steps described in this chapter. Revise the relational schema accordingly.
Map the EER diagram you developed in Chapter 3 to a relational schema, using the techniques described in this chapter. Be sure to underline all primary keys, include all necessary foreign keys, and clearly indicate referential integrity constraints.
Dr. Z in the MS Center is using the MS Clinic Management System from an external vendor to keep track of clinical information regarding his patients. The application uses a relational database. Before seeing a patient, Dr. Z reviews a printout of the worksheet shown in MVCH Figure 4-6.a. Diagram
The Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center, headed by Dr. “Z,” has been using a spreadsheet to keep track of information that patients provide upon signing in for a clinic visit. One of the staff members thought it would be better to use a relational database for recording this information and imported
Why might you need to revisit and potentially modify the EER model you developed earlier, during the logical design phase?
The chapter describes the importance of using an enterprise key, which is a primary key that is unique across the whole database. Why might this be important in a hospital setting such as MVCH? Explain.
Physicians at MVCH can be uniquely identified by their Social Security number, their license number, their DEA registration number, or hospital-assigned PhysicianID.Which attribute would you suggest using as the primary key for a PHYSICIAN relation? Why? What specific concerns are related to those
Why are referential integrity constraints of importance to the hospital?
Why are entity integrity constraints of importance to the hospital? Based on the case description from previous chapters, which attributes have you encountered that may be null?
Should MVCH use normalization in designing its relational databases? Why or why not?
Should MVCH continue to use relational technology for its systems development? Why or why not?
Find a form or report from a business organization, possibly a statement, bill, or document you have received. Draw an EER diagram of the data in this form or report. Transform the diagram into a set of 3NF relations.
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