Modern Database Management 13th Global Edition Jeff Hoffer, Ramesh Venkataraman, Heikki Topi - Solutions

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Define each of the following terms:a. entity typeb. entity-relationship modelc. entity instanced. attributee. relationship typef. strong entity type g. multivalued attribute h. associative entity i. cardinality constraint j. weak entity k. identifying relationship l. derived attribute m. business
Convert a many-to-many relationship to an associative entity type.
Draw an E-R diagram to represent common business situations.
Model each of the following constructs in an E-R diagram: composite attribute, multivalued attribute, derived attribute, associative entity, identifying relationship, and minimum and maximum cardinality constraints.
Distinguish unary, binary, and ternary relationships and give a common example of each.
Write good names and definitions for entities, relationships, and attributes.
State reasons why many system developers and business leaders believe that data modeling is the most important part of the systems development process with a high return on investment.
Create an enterprise data model that captures the data needs of FAME. Use a notation similar to the one shown in Figure 1-4.
Create a memo describing your initial analysis of the situation at FAME as it relates to the design of the database application. Write this as though you are writing a memo to Martin Forondo. Ensure that your memo addresses the following points:a. Your approach to addressing the problem at hand
You may want to keep a personal journal of ideas and observations about database management while you are studying this book. Use this journal to record comments you hear, summaries of news stories or professional articles you read, original ideas or hypotheses you create, uniform resource locators
Interview one person from a key business function, such as finance, human resources, or marketing. Concentrate your questions on the following items: How does he or she retrieve data needed to make business decisions?From what kind of system (personal database, enterprise system, or data warehouse)
Interview a systems analyst or database analyst and ask questions about how that organization uses data modeling and design tools in the systems development process.Concentrate your questions on how data modeling and design tools are used to support data modeling and database design and how the
Interview a systems analyst or database analyst and ask questions about the typical composition of an information systems development team. Specifically, what role does a database analyst play in project teams? Is a database analyst used throughout the systems development process or is the database
Interview systems and database analysts at this organization. Ask them to describe their systems development process. Which does it resemble more: the systems development life cycle or prototyping? Do they use methodologies similar to both? When do they use their different methodologies?Explore the
Consider a major database in this organization, such as one supporting customer interactions, accounting, or manufacturing. What is the architecture for this database?Is the organization using some form of client/server architecture? Interview information systems managers in this organization to
Determine the company’s use of intranet, extranet, or other Web-enabled business processes. For each type of process, determine its purpose and the database management system that is being used in conjunction with the networks. Ask what the company’s plans are for the next year with regard to
Talk with a database administrator or designer from the organization. What type of metadata does this organization maintain about its databases? Why did the organization choose to keep track of these and not other metadata?What tools are used to maintain these metadata?
Investigate whether the organization follows more of a traditional file processing approach or the database approach to organizing data. How many different databases does the organization have? Try to draw a figure, similar to Figure 1-2, to depict some or all of the files and databases in this
In this chapter, we described four important data models and their properties: enterprise, conceptual, logical, and physical. In the following table, summarize the important properties of these data models by entering a Y (for Yes) or an N (for No) in each cell of the table. All Entities? All
Consider Figure 1-15.a. What is the purpose of introducing an attribute called Product ID to the Product table? What is its data type?b. If the company wants to keep track of the total outstanding balances of customers, an attribute called‘Customer Balances’ should be introduced to which table?
Consider the SQL query in Figure 1-19.a. How is Sales to Date calculated?b. How would the query have to change if Helen Jarvis wanted to see the results for all of the product lines, not just the Home Office product line?
Answer the following questions concerning Figures 1-17 and 1-18:a. What will be the field size for the ProductLineName field in the Product table? Why?b. In Figure 1-18, how is the ProductID field in the Product table specified to be required? Why is it a required attribute?c. In Figure 1-18,
Consider the project data model shown in Figure 1-15.a. Create a textual description of the diagrammatic representation shown in the figure. Ensure that the description captures the rules/constraints conveyed by the model.b. In arriving at the requirements document, what aspect of the diagram did
Consider Figure 1-14.Explain the meaning of the line that connects CUSTOMER to ORDER and the line that connects ORDER to INVOICE. What does this say about how Pine Valley Furniture Company does business with its customers?
Consider the SQL example in Figure 1-19.a. What is the name of the table which is referred to when the SELECT statement is executed?b. How many tables are accessed when the FROM statement is executed?c. How many conditions are evaluated and met in order to display the details shown in Figure 1-20?
Prototyping is regarded as an iterative process of system development in which requirements are converted to a working system that is continually revised by analysts and users. What are the circumstances under which prototyping should be considered?
What is the purpose of designing an enterprise data modeling? How is it different from the design of a particular database?
The objective of the prototyping systems development methodology is to rapidly build and rebuild an information system as the user and systems analyst learn from use of the prototype what features should be included in the evolving information system. Because the final prototype does not have to
Consider Figure 1-15.When designing the attributes for Customer table, is it necessary to designate an attribute, such as Customer ID, as a key field? Can we use an ordinary attribute, such as Customer Name, to determine the existence of a customer record? Why?
Consider the statements and translate them into SQL:Show me the ‘First Name,’ ‘Last Name,’ and ‘Company Name’ fields from the ‘Contacts’ table where the ‘City’field contains ‘Kansas City’ and the ‘First Name’ field starts with ‘R.’
List three additional entities that might appear in an enterprise data model for Pine Valley Furniture Company(Figure 1-3a).
What is your reaction to the representation of the systems development life cycle included in this chapter? Explain any problems you have with it.
Consider Figure 1-11, which depicts a hypothetical multitiered database architecture. Identify potential duplications of data across all the databases listed on this figure. What problems might arise because of this duplication? Does this duplication violate the principles of the database approach
Figure 1-21 shows an enterprise data model for a music store.a. What is the relationship between Album and Store (one-to-one, many-to-many, or one-to-many)?b. What is the relationship between Artist and Album?c. Do you think there should be a relationship between Artist and Store? STORE Has Sold By
Consider a book rental system in a comic store. When a customer borrows or returns a comic book, the shopkeeper needs to mark down the transaction or update the corresponding record on the transaction book.a. Draw an enterprise data model for this book rental system.b. Identify the type of
Think of an organizational database in which some of the fields in the CUSTOMER table must have the given data types. Explain what they mean and how they are used:a. Customer ID (auto numeric field)b. Customer Name (text field)c. Fee Paid (logical field)d. Pay Date (date field)
Consider the data needs of the student-run newspaper in your university or high school. What are the data entities of this enterprise? List and define each entity. Then, develop an enterprise data model (such as Figure 1-3a) showing these entities and important relationships between them.
In the section “Disadvantages of File Processing Systems,”the statement is made that the disadvantages of file processing systems can also be limitations of databases, depending on how an organization manages its databases.First, why do organizations create multiple databases, not just one
Table 1-1 shows example metadata for a set of data items.Identify three other columns for these data (i.e., three other metadata characteristics for the listed attributes)and complete the entries of the table in Table 1-1 for these three additional columns.
Reread the definitions for data and database in this chapter.Database management systems only recently began to include the capability to store and retrieve more than numeric and textual data. What special data storage, retrieval, and maintenance capabilities do images, sound, video, and other
For each of the following pairs of related entities, indicate whether (under typical circumstances) there is a one-tomany or a many-to-many relationship. Then, using the shorthand notation introduced in the text, draw a diagram for each of the relationships.a. STUDENT and COURSE (students register
As the ability to handle large amounts of data improves, describe three business areas where these very large databases are being used effectively
Why might Pine Valley Furniture Company need a data warehouse?
Revisit the section titled “Developing a Database Application for Pine Valley Furniture Company.” What phase(s)of the database development process (Figure 1-8) do the activities that Chris performs in the following sub-sections correspond to:a. Project planningb. Analyzing database
List and identify the problems when there is a lack of top level management support for and commitment to the database design when introducing a new database approach.
The cost of converting older systems (in terms of dollars, time, and organizational commitment) to modern database technology may often seem prohibitive to an organization. Justify the statement.
Are there procedures and processes that are common to the use of SDLC, prototyping, and agile methodologies?Explain any that you can identify and then indicate why the methodologies are considered to be different even though fundamental procedures and processes are still included.
Explain with any two reasons why database approach can greatly reduce the cost and time when developing new business applications.
Name the five phases of the traditional systems development life cycle, and explain the purpose and deliverables of each phase.
A relationship is established between any pairs of entities in an enterprise data model. Explain why the relationship is necessary.
By referring to the database concept ‘it is an organized collection of logically related data’, what does ‘related data’mean? Why must data be related to each other?
List five costs or risks associated with the database approach.
List 10 potential benefits of the database approach over conventional file systems.
Consider Figure 1-5.What are the two common methods by which users interact with data in a database? Which one is more convenient to users if they don’t have concepts of query language? Why?
Differentiate (using a table format) between how data is represented in a file processing environment and how it is represented in a relational database.
Explain how a database can be of any size and complexity.
Without designing a database management system, what will be the possible problems faced when developing new programs?
Contrast the following terms:a. data dependence; data independenceb. structured data; unstructured datac. data; informationd. repository; databasee. entity; enterprise data modelf. data warehouse; ERP system g. personal databases; multitier databases h. systems development life cycle; prototyping
Define each of the following terms:a. datab. informationc. metadatad. enterprise resource planninge. data warehousef. constraint g. database h. entity i. database management system j. client/server architecture k. systems development life cycle(SDLC)l. prototyping m. enterprise data model n.
Why can’t we easily obtain a consolidated view of any customer who orders through different sales channels, rather than viewing each contact as representing a separate customer?
Who are our 10 largest customers, and what are their buying patterns?
What is the pattern of furniture sales this year, compared with the same period last year?
Explain the differences among external, conceptual, and internal schemas and the reasons for the three-schema architecture for databases.
Explain the roles of individuals who design, implement, use, and administer databases.
Explain the prototyping and agile-development approaches to database and application development.
Describe the life cycle of a systems development project, with an emphasis on the purpose of database analysis, design, and implementation activities.
Identify four categories of applications that use databases and their key characteristics.
List and briefly describe nine components of a typical database environment.
Identify several costs and risks of the database approach.
Explain at least 10 advantages of the database approach, compared to traditional file processing.
. Visit an organization that uses an open source DBMS.Why did the organization choose open source software?Does it have other open source software besides a DBMS? Has it purchased any fee-based components or services? Does it have a data administrator or DBA staff, and, if so, how do these people
. Visit an organization that relies heavily on Web-based applications. Interview the DBA (or a senior person in that organization) to determine the following:a. What is the organizational goal for system availability?(Compare with Table 12-4.)b. Has the organization estimated the cost of system
. Following on from Question 12-42, visit the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation Web site and discuss how the new regulation will affect data stewards and an organization’s data governance committee within academic institutions such as universities.
. Following on from Question 12-34, how can scalable cloud-based hosting solutions (such as those provided by Amazon, Microsoft, and Google) help to mitigate surges in Web site traffic and excessive queries to a database?
. Visit libereurope.eu/webinars/ and write a report on the key current issues effecting data management.
. The European Union has recently applied the General Protection of Data Regulation, which governs the way firms doing business in the European Union have to treat and handle the public’s data. Similar legislation is under consideration in countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, and Australia.
. Visit an organization that has implemented a database approach. Evaluate each of the following:a. The organizational placement of data administration, database administration, and data warehouse administrationb. The assignment of responsibilities for each of the functions listed in part ac. The
. Based on the table above as well as additional research, write a memo in support of or against the following statement: “Cloud databases will increasingly eliminate the need for data administrators/DBAs in corporations.”
. Visit the Web sites of one or more popular cloud service providers that provide cloud database services. Use the table below to map the features listed on the Web site to the major concepts covered in this chapter. If you are not sure where to start, try https://aws.amazon.com or
. Visit some Web sites for open source databases, such as www.postgresql.org and www.mysql.com. What do you see as major differences in administration between open source databases, such as MySQL, and commercial database products, such as Oracle? How might these differences come into play when
. Research available data quality software. Describe in detail at least one technique employed by one of these tools (e.g., an expert system).
. The average annual revenue per customer for the mail order firm described in Problems and Exercises 12-33 and 12-35 is $100. The organization is planning a data quality improvement program that it hopes will increase the average revenue per customer by 5 percent per year. If this estimate proves
. The mail order firm described in Problem and Exercise 12-33 has about 1 million customers. The firm is planning a mass mailing of its spring sales catalog to all of its customers. The unit cost of the mailing(postage and catalog) is $6.00. The error rate in the database (duplicate records,
. Black Friday is one of the busiest and most profitable times for online retailers due to the traffic generated by price reductions online. On November 24, 2017, a number of Web sites belonging to major online retailers experienced a disruption of service and prolonged downtime. Based on the
. An e-business operates a high-volume catalog sales center. Through the use of clustered servers and mirrored disk drives, the data center has been able to achieve data availability of 99.5 percent. Although this exceeds industry norms, the organization still receives periodic customer complaints
. You have been asked to write a brief report on how TQM can be adopted by your organization to improve data quality. Produce a list of reasons why TQM should and should not be adopted, and recommend, with an explanation, an alternative approach to data quality management.
. Design an interface that would enable the capture of high-quality and error-free data.
. Referring to Problem and Exercise 12-28, rank the four candidates for the position of DBA at Metro Marketing.Again, support your rankings.
. Referring to Problem and Exercise 12-28, rank the four candidates for the position of data warehouse administrator at Metro Marketing. Again, support your rankings.
. Metro Marketers, Inc., wants to build a data warehouse for storing customer information that will be used for data marketing purposes. Building the data warehouse will require much more capacity and processing power than it has previously needed, and it is considering Oracle and Red Brick as its
. In light of increasing legislation dictating how an organization is to store data, what would be your requirements for the role of chief data officer?
. The Pine Valley databases for this textbook(one small version illustrated in queries throughout the text and a larger version)are available to your instructor to download from the text’s Web site. Your instructor can make those databases available to you. Alternatively, these and other
. Examine the set of activities in Table 12-2 and categorize them as belonging to one of the following categories:people (“who”), process (“how”), and technology(“what”).
. Any successful data governance program needs to address the people (“who”), process (“how”), and technology(“what”) aspects. Based on your reading this chapter, provide some examples for each of these categories.
. What distinguishes MDM from other forms of data integration?
. Describe the three major approaches to MDM.
. State any four data availability problems and how they can potentially be addressed.
. Explain how TQM techniques can help in improving data quality.
. What are some of the advanced techniques that can be applied by a software solution for data quality improvement?
. Explain how an organization’s business rules can be checked as part of a data audit.

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