The Basic Practice Of Statistics 5th Edition David S Moore - Solutions

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4. If it is appropriate to use a histogram to show the frequency distribution for a set of scores, would it also be appropriate to show the same set of scores in a bar graph? Explain why or why not.
3. Describe the difference in appearance between a bar graph and a histogram, and describe the circumstances under which each type of graph should be used.
2. What information is available about the data in a regular frequency distribution table that is not available in a grouped table?
1. Place the following scores in a frequency distribution table. Include columns for proportion ( p) and percentage(%) in your table. The scores are:10, 7,- 7, 5, 7. 10, 9, 5, 5, 10, 9, 7. 8, 10, 7
25. Statistical analyses often use an expression that has the following form: I(X - Q2, where C is a constant.a. What is the first step for this computation? The second step? The third?b. Find I(X — 4)2 for the following set of scores:1 3c. Find I(X - 4) for the same set of scores.
24. For the following set of scores, find the value of each expression:a. IX X 2b. (IX)2c. I(X - 3)d. I(X - 3)2
23. Each of the following summation expressions requires a specific sequence of mathematical operations. For each expression, state in words the sequence of operations necessary to perform the specified calculations.For example, the expression I(X + 1 ) instructs you to add 1 point to each score
22. Use summation notation to express each of the following calculations:a. Sum the scores, and then add 3 points to the total.b. Subtract 2 points from each score, and square the result. Then sum the squared values.c. Square each score, and sum the squared values.Then subtract 10 points from the
21. For the following set of scores, find the value of each expression:a. IXb. 1Yc. 1XY X Y-3 4 2 5 34 -2-3 -3
For the following set of scores, find the value of each expression:a. IX Xb. IX2c. I(X + 3)-2-3
For the following set of scores, find the value of each expression:a. IX Xb. IX2c. I(X + 1)1d. I(X + l)2 5 4
Two scores, X and Y, are recorded for each of n = 4 subjects. For these scores, find the value of each expression.a. XX Subject X Yb. 1Yc. 1X7 A B5 21 4C 6 3 D 4 2
17. For the following scores , find the value of each expression:a. IX Xb. IX2c. axf 4d. I(X- 1)2 31
16. Four scales of measurement were introduced in this chapter: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.a. What additional information is obtained from measurements on an ordinal scale compared to measurements on a nominal scale?b. What additional information is obtained from measurements on an
15. A questionnaire asks individuals to report age, sex, eye color, and height. For each of the four variables:a. Classify the variable as either discrete or continuous.b. Identify the scale of measurement that probably would be used.
14. Define and differentiate between a discrete variable and a continuous variable.
13. A researcher is comparing two brands of medication intended to reduce stomach acid. Before eating a very spicy meal, one group of participants is given brand X and another group is given brand Y. Two hours after eating, each person is asked to rate his or her level of indigestion using the
12. A researcher studying the effects of environment on mood asks participants to sit alone in a waiting room for 15 minutes at the beginning of an experiment. Half of the individuals are assigned to a room with dark blue walls, and the other half are assigned to a room with bright yellow walls.
11. A research study comparing college student alcohol use in the United States and Canada reports that more Canadian students drink but American students drink more (Kuo, Adlaf, Lee, Gliksman, Demers, &Wechsler, 2002). Is this study an example of an experiment?Explain why or why not.
10. A recent report indicates that elderly drivers (over 65 years old) are more likely to be injured in an automobile accident than are younger drivers. Is this study an experiment? Explain why or why not.
9. A researcher prepares three lists of 40 words. One list contains all one-syllable words. The second list is all two-syllable words, and the third list consists of threesyllable words. Research participants are given 5 minutes to study each list, and then must list as many words as they can
8. A researcher would like to evaluate the claim that large doses of vitamin C can help prevent the common cold. One group of participants is given a large dose of the vitamin (500 mg per day), and a second group is given a placebo (sugar pill). The researcher records the number of colds each
7. A researcher reports that individuals who survived one heart attack and were given daily doses of aspirin were significantly less likely to suffer a second heart attack than survivors who did not take aspirin. For this study, identify the independent variable and the dependent variable.
6. Identify the two elements of an experiment that make this type of research study different from other research methods.
5. Define the concept of sampling error. Be sure that your definition includes the concepts of statistic and parameter.
4. It is known that the population of laboratory rats reaches an average weight of 510 grams at age 6 months. To test the effectiveness of a new growth hormone, a researcher selects a sample of 10 newborn rats and injects each rat with the hormone. Six months later, the rats in the sample are
3. A researcher would like to determine whether regular doses of St. John's wort have an effect on memory for college students. A group of 50 students is selected and each student is given a standardized memory test.Then each of the students takes a daily dose of St. John's wort for 6 weeks. At the
2. Define the terms population, sample, parameter, and statistic, and explain how these terms are related to each other.
*1. Statistical methods are classified into two major categories:descriptive and inferential. Describe the general purpose for the statistical methods in each category.
ANOVA with one observation per treatment (optional). If a two-way layout has just one observation for each treatment, the mean square for error (MSE) is 0 because there is no variation within each treatment group. The usual two-way ANOVA F tests can’t be done, because they have MSE in their
Fertilization of bromeliads, continued. Repeat the analysis of Exercise 28.42 using change in the number of leaves as the response variable.
Fertilization of bromeliads, continued. Repeat the analysis of the previous exercise using number of dead leaves as the response variable.
Fertilization of bromeliads. Does the type of fertilization have a significant effect on leaf development for bromeliads? Researchers compared leaf production and death over a seven-month period for a control group (C), a group fertilized only with nitrogen (N), a group fertilized only with
Cues for listening comprehension. In speaking, we often signal a shift to the next step in the discussion by saying things like “Let’s talk about . . . ” or “Finally,. . . ” These are “discourse signaling cues.” Do such cues help listeners better comprehend a second language? One
Fourth-graders composing music. The Orff xylophone is often used in teaching music to children because it has removable bars that allow the teacher to present different options to the students. An education researcher used the Orff xylophone to examine the effect of tonality (pentatonic or harmonic
Comparisons among means for one factor in a two-way analysis.We have illustrated Tukey pairwise comparisons among all treatment means in both oneway and two-way settings. The method can also compare the mean responses to just one of the two factors in a two-way setting: do a one-way ANOVA on the
Girls’ cross-country times: peak at the end? Coaches like to see their athletes“peak” at the end of the season. Is there significant evidence that the average finish time for the 10th meet is significantly lower than the average finish time for the first nine meets?
Girls’ cross-country times: a contrast (optional). Continue your analysis of the data from the previous problem by comparing average race time during the first half of the season with the average for the second half. Identify a population contrast L that makes this comparison, estimate this
Girls’ cross-country times. Ten runners each completed 10 five-kilometer races for the ThomasWorthington High School girls’ cross-country team during the 2004 season. The coach recorded each race time in minutes.12 The data appear in the file ex28-36.dat.(a) Prepare side-by-side boxplots to
Herbicide and corn hybrids. Genetic engineering has produced new corn hybrids that resist the effects of herbicides. This allows more effective control of weeds, because herbicides don’t damage the corn. A study compared the effects of the herbicide glusofinate on a number of corn hybrids. The
Expense and quality of computer disks. Eric Newman designed an experiment to study the effect of magnetic fields on data stored on removable PC disks. When the disks are exposed to a magnetic field with enough strength, the coating on the surface of the disk loses its magnetism and any data stored
Hooded rats: object play counts. The researchers who conducted the study in the previous exercise also recorded the number of times each of three types of behavior(object play, locomotor play, and social play) occurred. The file ex28-33.dat contains the counts of object play episodes for each rat
Hooded rats: object play times. Exercise 28.12 (page 28-30) describes an experiment to study the effects of social isolation on the behavior of hooded rats. You have analyzed the effects on social play. Now look at another response variable, the time that a rat spends in object play during an
Exercise and heart rate. The data file ex28-31.dat has resting and final heart rates as well as the increase in heart rate for the study described in Exercise 28.11. If the randomization worked well, there should be no significant differences among the 6 groups in mean resting heart rate (variable
Does nature heal best? A contrast (optional). The researchers who carried out the study of healing in newts described in Exercise 24.33 (text page 661) conjectured that healing is fastest under natural conditions. If this is true, the population mean for the 1 group (natural field level) in Table
Does nature heal best? Exercise 24.33 (text page 661) describes a study on the rate at which the skin of newts heals under the body’s natural electrical field(the 1 group in Table 24.5) and under four levels of electric field that differ from the natural level (the 0, 0.5, 1.25, and 1.5 groups).
Comparing tropical flowers: a contrast (optional). The data in Table 24.1 contain lengths for the bihai variety of Heliconia and for two forms (red and yellow) of the caribaea variety.We wonder (before looking at the data) whether the population mean for bihai differs from the average of the means
Comparing tropical flowers. Example 24.1 (text page 633) describes a study of the lengths of three varieties of the tropical flower Heliconia. Table 24.1 gives the data. One-way ANOVA gives strong evidence (F = 259.12, P < 0.0001) that the three population mean lengths are not all equal. Software
Which statement below provides the best summary of the housing effect?(a) Housing is significant at the 1% level, but not at the 5% level.(b) Housing is significant at the 5% level, but not at the 1% level.(c) Housing is not significant at either the 1% or the 5% level.
What is the estimate for the common standard deviation σ?(a) 0.035 (b) 12.78 (c) 184.507
What is the value of the test statistic for interaction between housing condition and gender?(a) 0.035 (b) 0.041 (c) 0.290 (d) 1.13
How many treatment groups were there for this experiment?(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4
When the F test for interaction in a two-way ANOVA is significant,(a) the main effects are never meaningful and should be ignored.(b) the main effects must be interpreted with caution.(c) interpret each main effect just as you would in a one-way ANOVA.
A two-way ANOVA compares two exercise programs (A and B) and two exercise frequencies (twice a week and four times a week). The response variable is weight lost after 8 weeks of exercise. An interaction is present in the data when(a) the mean weight loss is not the same for Program A and Program
The purpose of two-way ANOVA is to learn about(a) the means of two populations.(b) the variances of two populations.(c) the combined effects of two factors on a quantitative response.
As part of anANOVAthat compares three treatments, you carry out Tukey pairwise tests at the overall 5% significance level. The Tukey tests find that μ1 is significantly different from μ2 but that the other two comparisons are not significant. You can be 95% confident that(a) μ1 = μ2 and μ1 =
After an ANOVA that compares four treatments, you calculate a separate twosample t 95% confidence interval for each pairwise difference formed from the four population means. Are you 95% confident that these intervals capture all of the true differences?(a) No, because 95% confidence applies to
In an ANOVA that compares four treatments, how many pairwise comparisons between two of these treatments are there?(a) four (b) five (c) six
Catalog spending. This realistic modeling project requires much more time than a typical exercise. Table 27.16 shows catalog-spending data for the first 9 of 200 randomly selected individuals from a very large (over 20,000 households) data base.17 We are interested in developing a model to predict
Diamonds. Use the data in Table 27.4 to fit the multiple regression model with two explanatory variables, Carat and Depth, to predict the Total Price of diamonds.Don’t forget to include the interaction term in your model.(a) Identify the estimated multiple regression equation.(b) Conduct the
Diamonds. Consider the diamond data of which Table 27.4 (page 27-33) is an excerpt. We are interested in predicting the total price of a diamond. Fit a simple linear regression model using Carat as the explanatory variable.(a) Identify the least-squares line for predicting Total Price from
Florida real estate. The table on text page 622 gives the appraised market values and actual selling prices (in thousands of dollars) of condominium units sold in a beachfront building over a 19-month period.(a) Find the multiple regression model for predicting selling price from appraised market
Children’s perception of reading difficulty. Table 27.15 contains measured and self-estimated reading ability data for 60 fifth-grade students randomly sampled from one elementary school.16 The variables are Variable Description OBS Observation number for each individual SEX Gender of the
Student achievement and self-concept. In order to determine if student achievement is related to self-concept, as measured by the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale, data were collected on 78 seventh-grade students from a rural midwestern school. Table 27.14 shows the records for the
Metabolic rate and body mass. Metabolic rate, the rate at which the body consumes energy, is important in studies of weight gain, dieting, and exercise. The table below gives data on the lean body mass and resting metabolic rate for 12 women and 7 men who are subjects in a study of dieting. Lean
Burning calories with exercise. Table 27.13 provides data on speed and calories burned per hour for a 175-pound male using two different treadmills (a Cybex and a LifeFitness) at inclines of 0%, 2%, and 4%.TABLE 27.13 Treadmill display’s claimed calories per hour by speed for a 175-pound man
Burning calories with exercise. Many exercise bikes, elliptical trainers, and treadmills display basic information like distance, speed, calories burned per hour(or total calories), and duration of the workout. Let’s take another look at the data in Table 27.9 (page 27-61) that were used for the
Heating a home. The Sanchez household is about to install solar panels to reduce the cost of heating their house. In order to know how much the solar panels help,they record their consumption of natural gas before the solar panels are installed.Gas consumption is higher in cold weather, so the
Growth of pine trees. The Department of Biology at Kenyon College conducted an experiment to study the growth of pine trees. In April 1990, volunteers planted 1000 white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings at the Brown Family Environmental Center.The seedlings were planted in two grids, distinguished by
Mean annual temperatures for two California cities. Table 27.11 contains data on the mean annual temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) for the years 1951 to 2000 at two locations in California: Pasadena and Redding.12(a) Plot the temperatures versus year using different symbols for the two cities.(b)
Bank wages and length of service.We assume that our wages will increase as we gain experience and become more valuable to our employers. Wages also increase because of inflation. By examining a sample of employees at a given point in time, we can look at part of the picture. How does length of
A computer game. A multimedia statistics learning system includes a test of skill in using the computer’s mouse. The software displays a circle at a random location on the computer screen. The subject clicks in the circle with the mouse as quickly as possible. A new circle appears as soon as the
Suppose that we also have data on a second treadmill, made by LifeFitness. An indicator variable for brand of treadmill, say Treadmill=1 for Cybex and Treadmill=0 for LifeFitness, is created for a new model. If the three explanatory variables above and the new indicator variable Treadmill were used
Orlando, a 175-pound man, plans to run 6.5 miles per hour for one hour on a 2%incline. He can be 95% confident that he will burn between(a) 871 and 1009 calories.(b) 929 and 950 calories.(c) 906 and 974 calories.
Confidence intervals and tests for these data use the t distribution with degrees of freedom(a) 3. (b) 50. (c) 53.
Is there significant evidence that more calories are burned for higher speeds? To answer this question, test the hypotheses(a) H0 : β0 = 0 versus Ha : β0 > 0.(b) H0 : β1 = 0 versus Ha : β1 > 0.(c) H0 : β1 = 0 versus Ha : β1 = 0.
To predict calories when running on a 2% incline use the line(a) −80.41 + 145.84 Mph.(b) (−80.41 − 50.01) + 145.84 Mph.(c) [−80.41 + (2 × 36.26)] + 145.84 Mph.
To predict calories when running (Mph > 3) with no incline use the line(a) −80.41 + 145.84 Mph.(b) (−80.41 − 50.01) + 145.84 Mph.(c) [−80.41 + (2 × 36.26)] + 145.84 Mph.
To predict calories when walking (Mph ≤ 3) with no incline use the line(a) −80.41 + 145.84 Mph.(b) (−80.41 − 50.01) + 145.84 Mph.(c) [−80.41 + (2 × 36.26)] + 145.84 Mph.
The regression standard error for these data is(a) 0.993. (b) 33.94. (c) 1152.
The equation for predicting calories from these explanatory variables is(a) Calories = – 80.41 + 145.84Mph – 50.01IndSlow + 36.26Incline.(b) Calories = – 4.24 + 56.74Mph – 3.12IndSlow + 12.82Incline.(c) Calories = 18.99 + 2.57Mph + 16.04IndSlow + 2.83Incline.
The number of parameters in this multiple regression model is(a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6.
Tributary versus downstream. Species richness “was comparable between tributaries and their adjacent downstream mainstem stations.”Verify this conclusion by comparing tributary and downstream species counts.
Tributary versus upstream. “Second, we found that species richness within tributaries exceeded that within their adjacent upstream mainstem stations.”Again, do a test to confirm significance and report your finding.
Downstream versus upstream. “We identified a significant positive effect of tributaries on Amazon mainstem species richness in two respects. First, we found that sample stations downstream of each tributary contained more species than did their respective upstream stations.”Do a test to confirm
to 25.52 quote conclusions from the study.TABLE 25.1 Electric fish species in the Amazon Species Counts Tributary Upstream Tributary Downstream Ic¸ ´a 14 23 19 Juta´ı 11 15 18 Juru´a 8 13 8 Japur´a 9 16 11 Coari 5 7 7 Purus 10 23 16 Manacapuru 5 8 6 Negro 23 26 24 Madeira 29 24 30 Trombetas
gives the estimated number of electric fish species in the Amazon upstream and downstream from each tributary and in the tributaries themselves just before they flow into the Amazon.12 The researchers used nonparametric tests to assess the statistical significance of their results. Exercises
Mutual fund performance. Mutual funds often compare their performance with a benchmark provided by an “index” that describes the performance of the class of assets in which the funds invest. For example, the Vanguard International Growth Fund benchmarks its performance against the EAFE (Europe,
Nematodes and plant growth. A botanist prepares 16 identical planting pots and then introduces different numbers of nematodes (microscopic worms) into the pots. A tomato seedling is transplanted into each pot. Here are data on the increase in height of the seedlings (in centimeters) 16 days after
Food safety at fairs and fast-food restaurants. The food safety survey data described in Example 25.5 also contain the responses of the 303 subjects to the same question asked about food served at fast-food restaurants. These responses are the values of the variable “sfast.” Is there a
. The variable “srest”contains responses to the same question asked about food served in restaurants. We suspect that restaurant food will appear safer than food served outdoors at a fair. Do the data give good evidence for this suspicion?
Food safety at fairs and restaurants. Example 25.5 describes a study of the attitudes of people attending outdoor fairs about the safety of the food served at such locations. The full data set is stored on the CD and online as the file ex25-16.dat. It contains the responses of 303 people to several
Logging in the rain forest. Investigators compared the number of tree species in unlogged plots in the rain forest of Borneo with the number of species in plots logged 8 years earlier. Here are the data:10 Unlogged 22 18 22 20 15 21 13 13 19 13 19 15 Logged 17 4 18 14 18 15 15 10 12 Does logging
Right versus left. Table 17.5 (text page 469) contains data from a student project that investigated whether right-handed people can turn a knob faster clockwise than they can counterclockwise. We expect that right-handed people work more quickly when they turn the knob clockwise.
Which blue is most blue? The color of a fabric depends on the dye used and also on how the dye is applied. This matters to clothing manufacturers, who want the color of the fabric to be just right. Dye fabric made of ramie with the same “procion blue” die applied in four different ways. Then
Each day I am getting better in math. Table 18.3 (text page 499) gives the pretest and posttest scores for two groups of students taking a program to improve their basic mathematics skills. Did the treatment group show significantly greater improvement than the control group?
You compare the incomes of 4 college freshmen, 5 sophomores, 6 juniors, and 7 seniors. If the four income distributions are the same, the Kruskal-Wallis statistic H has approximately a chi-square distribution. The degrees of freedom are(a) 3. (b) 4. (c) 18.
Suppose that the responses in Exercise 25.38 are Couple 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Husband 7 7 7 3 9 5 10 6 6 5 Wife 4 2 5 3 2 2 4 7 1 5 The Wilcoxon signed rank statistic W+ (based on husband’s score minus wife’s score) is now(a) 35. (b) 36. (c) 52.
If husbands and wives don’t differ in how important the attractiveness of their spouse is, the mean of W+ in the previous exercise is(a) 27.5. (b) 55. (c) 105.
Interview 10 young married couples, wife and husband separately. One question asks how important the attractiveness of their spouse is to them on a scale of 1 to 10. Here are the responses:Couple 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Husband 7 7 7 3 9 5 10 6 6 7 Wife 4 2 5 2 2 2 4 7 1 5 The Wilcoxon signed rank

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The Basic Practice Of Statistics 5th Edition David S Moore - Solutions

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