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business
financial statement analysis
Financial Statement Analysis 1st Edition Sujit Sikidar, H. C. Gautam - Solutions
11. Define accounting theory. What is the primary purpose of accounting theory ?(D.U. M.Com;, 1991)
12. What is accounting theory ? Analyse the relationship between accounting theory and accounting practices. State the advantages of accounting theory.
13. What is accounting theory? How does it differ from accounting practices ?State the advantages of learning accounting theory.(C.U. B.Com., 1988)
14. "Roots of accounting theory can be found in three theories." Name these theories. (D.U. MFC, 1988)
IS. Elaborate on the difference between a descriptive and nonnative methodology for the formulation of an accounting theory.
16. "Accounting is what accountants do; therefore a theory of accounting may be extracted from the practices of the accountants." Do you agree? Give reasons.
17. 'Accounting is a means and not an end.' Discuss. (C.U. M.Com., 1985)
18. Discuss the nature of 'Accounting Theory'. Is it 'Descriptive' or 'Nonnative'in nature, or both? (C.U. M.Com., 1986)
19. Trace the developments in accounting thought and practice during the past forty years in India and abroad. (D.U. M.Com., 1983, 1991)
20. What is meant by 'conceptual framework for accounting'? How does it differ from GAAP?
21. Why should there be a conceptual framework for accounting and reporting ?
22. "The conceptual "framework for accounting is intended to act as a constitution for the standard-setting process." Illucidate the statement.
23. What are the purposes of having a conceptual framework for accounting and reporting?
1. What is meant by analysis and interpretation of financial statements ?
2. What are the different techniquies used for the analysis and interpretation of financial statements ? Explain any three of them.
3. Explain the reasons behind the analysis of financial statements?
4. What are common-size Balance Sheet and trend analysis ? Explain the technique of preparing the common-size statement.
5. "The (financial) statements must be thoroughly analyzed by the credit manager by study and comparison : their weakness watched for and their strong points noted-he must understand them fully"- In the light of the above statement explain why and how does a credit manager analyze the Financial
I. Discuss in brief the different concepts of 'funds' used in SCFP. Which one, in your view, is best suited to the present day needs of users ?
2. Justify the need for making 'Statement of Changes in Financial Position'(SCFP) a required statement in addition to Balance Sheet and Income Statement. Give the format of a SCFP which fully explains the different types of activities undertaken by a business enterprise during an account period.
3. 'Different authors have advocated different concepts of 'funds' (financial resources) for preparing a statement of changes in financial position.'Explain. Which concept of funds can be regarded as better by investors.treditors and others ? Why ?
4. "There can be different bases for preparation of a statement of changes in Financial Position (SCFP)." Discuss. Which basis will be better in your view for analysis and interpretation of a SCFP? Give reasons.
5. Jf you were given the option to prepare a statement of changes in financial position (SCFP) either on working capital basis or cash basis, which one would you prefer ?
6. What is the purpose of the statement of changes in financial position ? How does it differ from a Balance Sheet or Income Statement ?
7. What additional information is required to convert a statement of sources and uses of net working capital into a statement of changes in financial positipon?
8. 'The analysis of the flow of funds through an organisation can be very useful to the management.' Elucidate this statement.
9. In analysing working capital flows. business transactions may be classified into three categories : Transactions which effect only current assets or current liabilities, Transactions which affect both current and non-current accounts, and Transactions which affect only nan-current
I 0. Discuss the significance of funds flow analysis. Distinguish between Funds Flow Stat~ment and Cash Flow Statement.
1. Why has the statement of cash flows become popular and require statement now-a-days ? What are its advantages ?
2. "Though there is great variety in the method of presentation of the Funds Flow Statement, it is now required to be prepared with cash as the basis by listed companies." Why ? Give reasons.
3. ~'Many accountants and users believe that the SCEP prepared under the cash concepts of funds is at least as useful as, if not more useful than, the SCFP prepared under the working capital approach". Comment.
4. Differentiate between operating activities, financing activities and investing activities with· reference to a statement of cash flows.
5. Briefly describe the procedure of converting net income from the accrual to the cash basis.
6. Discuss the usefulnes of cash flow statement for the management. Would such a statement be helpful to outsiders also ?
7. Briefly describe the procedure of converting net income from the accrual to the cash basis.
8. Discuss the usefulness of cash flow statement for the management. Would such a statement be helpful to outsiders also ?
9. State the importance and significance of cash flow analysis. What additional benefits will accrue over funds flow statement by preparing cash-flow statement?
10. Distinguish between cash-flow statement, cash basis of accounting and cash flow accounting.
4. Disti'nguish between percentage analysis and ratio analysis relating to the interpretation of financial statements. What is the value of these two types of analyses?
5. How would you analyse the financial position of a company from the point of view of(a) an investor?(b) a creditor?(c) a financial executive of the company?
8. The managing director wants you as the secretary of the company to send him detailed notes on market test ratios which are used for evaluating the shares and stock which are traded in the market. Prepare a detailed note with at least 4 ratios with their advantages and limitations.C. S. (Inter)
9. As a technique of financial analysis, ratios must be used with great precaution. In the light of the above statement, critically examine the importance of ratios and their limitations.
1. Explain the term depreciation. Critically examine the various methods of chargi11g depreciation.
2. Explain the financial considerations involved in the choice of a depreciation policy.
3. Defirn: tile term depreciation accounting and depreciation policy.
4. Discuss the accounting standard on depreciation.
5. Discuss the legal provisions relating to depreciation accounting.
6. What are the provisions specified in the Companies Act and in the Income Tax Act in respect of depreciation?
7. "Depreciation is an allocation of cost or other value over the service life of the asset in a systematic and rational pattern"-Elaborate
8. List the vectors which should be the basis of selecting a method of providing depreciation on any specific asset or group of assets.(DU, M.Com, 1935)
9. "'Several methods of depreciation have been suggested and used from time to time that result in decreasing depreciation charge over the expected life of an asset." Explain these methods. Also state the conditions which are claimed as justifications for the declining charge method.(DU, M.Com.,
I 0. What do you understand by 'Depreciation Accounting'? Which policy of charging depreciation would be adopted by the management in the period of infiation?
11. Explain with the help of suitable examples the following methods of charging depreciation :(a) An increasing charge method;(b) A decreasing charge method;(c) A variable charge method. (DU, M.Com., 1984)
12. Discuss in brief the different concepts of depreciation. (DU, MFC, 1990)
13. "'Depreciation accounting is a process of allocation, not of valuation''Explain.Does it hold good in the current infiationary conditions prevai I ing in most developing economics ? (DU, MFC, 1989)
14. What do you understand by "Depreciation Accounting'? Which policy of charging depreciation should be adopted by the management in the period of rising prices ? (DU, M.Com., 1990)
15. '·Depreciation is a process of cost allocation rather than a means of valuation."-Explain.
1. Discuss the detail the concept of Assets as used in financial accounting.
2. Discuss the various assets-valuation models-which one would you recommend and why?
3. Distinguish between 'cost' and 'value'. Mention the various concepts of value.
4. Why assets are valued? What are the legal provisions relating to valuation of assets?
5. Discuss the necessity and objects of asset-valuation.
6. Critically examine the various methods of asset-valuation.
7. "There should be a common basis for the valuation of same-class of assets of enterprises." In the light of the above statement, discuss the relevance of accounting standards in asset-valuation.
8. Examine the applicability of Accounting Standard 10, Accounting for Fixed Assets, in measuring the values of assets of manufacturing concern.
9. What procedure would you follow while measuring the value of assets of an enterprise in the following situations :(a) Enterprise as a going concern.(b) The going-concern enterprise is put to sale.(c) The enterprise is in liquidation.
10. Which approach would you advocate to measure the value of an asset when :(a) the asset is likely to be liquidated ?(b) the running asset is to be replaced by a newer one ?(c) the asset is to continue in the business ?
11. Define Income. Distinguish between economic mcome and accounting income.
12. Enumerate the factors to be considered in measuring accounting income.
13. Explain the criteria for revenue recognition with a reference to the relevant Accounting Standard.
14. Discuss the problems associated witth income measurement.
15. How does fixed assets and inventory valuation affect income measurement?Explain, giving examples.
1. Define working capital highlighting its various concepts. Is there any concept of 'Optimum Working Capital' ?
2. Is working capital essential for all business enterprises ? If so, why ?
3. 'The need and questions of working capital depends on many factors',-Discuss.
4. Explain the determinants of working capital.
5. What are the components of working capital? Give a brief note on each.
6. Explain the principles of working capital management.
7. What factor do you consider while controlling cash and inventory ?
8. "Working capital management deals with decision on appropriate mix and level of current assets and current liabilities". Elucidate the statement.
9. What procedure would you follow to estimate the requirement of working capital for a new business concern? Give one suitable example with imaginary figures.
10. Distinguish between(a) Gross Working Capital and Net Working Capital.(b) Positive Working Capital and Negative Working Capital.
I. Distinguish between accounting concept and economic concept of profit.
2. Define the term 'Profit' and 'Profitability'. Explain the managerial uses of profitabi I ity.
3. Discuss the various factors associated with measurement of profitability.
4. What are the different measures of profitability? Explain.
5. 'Purposewise measures of profitability differ'. Elucidate the statement.
6. Give a detailed note on the ratios used in measuring profitability.
I. What are the objectives of an effective Inventory Control System ?
2. What are the essential ingredients of Inventory Control ? Enumerate the dangers of Excessive Inventory Levels.
3. Explain the concepts of ABC Analysis as a technique of Inventory Control.
4. "Management makes policy decision, at one time or another, regarding methods of inventory valuation. These decisions are important because they directly affect the way income will be computed."- Discuss.
1. Give the meaning of 'Inter-firm Comparison'. Distinguish between 'Interfirm Comparison' and 'Intra-firm' Comparison.
2. Write a detailed note on the origin and objectives of Inter-firm Comparison.
3. What are the different approaches in inter-firm comparison?
4. ""Inter-firm Comparison is based on accounting and costing principles followed by the entities under consideration". Elucidate the statement.
5. What are the factors to be considered in inter-firm comparison?
6. Give a detailed note on the ratios used in inter-firm comparison.
1. . Give the meaning of 'Corporate Reporting'. IS it mandatory ? Give reasons.
2. "The image of a corporate entity largely depends on how does it report to the outside world." Explain the statement.
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