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Paradigms Of Artificial Intelligence Programming Case Studies In Common Lisp 1st Edition Peter Norvig - Solutions
Determine whether goal-driven or data-driven search would be preferable for solving each of the following problems. Justify your answer. pg21a. Diagnosing mechanical problems in an automobilepg21.b. C.d. e.f. You have met a person who claims to be your distant cousin, with a common ancestor named
Implement a backtrack algorithm in a programming language of your choice. pg21
27. Begin from state A. Keep track of the successive values of NSL, SL, CS, etc. pg21
"Hand run" the backtrack algorithm on the graph in Figure
Give an instance of the traveling salesperson problem for which the nearest-neighbor strategy fails to find an optimal path. Suggest another heuristic for this problempg21
Discuss the advan- tages of breadth-first and depth-first for searching this spacepg21
2). Let the nodes represent states of the world; e.g., the farmer and the goat are on the west bank and the wolf and cabbage on the eastpg21
1 and
3 (see Figures
Give the graph representation for the farmer, wolf, goat, and cabbage problem of Section
Is there such a path in the Knigsberg mappg21
A Hamiltonian path is a path that uses every node of the graph exactly once. What condi- tions are necessary for such a path to existpg21
How can an interpreter be designed to most effectively utilize a representation languagepg21
How can the interpreter most effectively reduce search complexitypg21
What is the complexity of the search process in terms of time usagepg21 Space usagepg21
When a solution is found, is it guaranteed to be optimalpg21
Will the problem solver always terminate, or can it become caught in an infinite looppg21
List and discuss two potentially negative effects on society of the development of artificial intelligence techniques.pg21
Add two more benefits for expert systems to those already listed in the text. Discuss these in terms of intellectual, social, or financial results.pg21
Pick one problem area that you feel would justify the energy required to design an expert system solution. Spell the problem out in some detail. Based on your own intuition, which aspects of this solution would be most difficult to automatepg21
Given the differences between the architectures of modern computers and that of the human brain, what relevance does research into the physiological structure and function of biological systems have for the engineering of AI programspg21 Justify your answer.pg21
Although computing is a relatively new discipline, philosophers and mathematicians have been thinking about the issues involved in automating problem solving for thousands of years. What is your opinion of the relevance of these philosophical issues to the design of a device for intelligent problem
Describe your own criteria for computer software to be considered "intelligent."pg21
Criticize Turing's criteria for computer software being "intelligent."pg21
Discuss your thoughts on the mind-body problem and its importance for a theory of artificial intelligence.
Much traditional Western thought has dwelt on the mind-body relationship. Are the mind and body:a. b. distinct entities somehow interacting, or is mind an expression of "physical processes," or C. is body just an illusion of the rational mindpg21
Give several other examples of Aristotle's distinction between "matter" and "form." Can you show how your examples might fit into a theory of abstractionpg21
Answers that are neither exact nor optimal, but are in some sense "sufficient." This is a result of the essential reliance on heuristic problem-solving methods in situations where optimal or exact results are either too expensive or not possible.pg21
An attempt to deal with issues of semantic meaning as well as syntactic form.pg21
Reasoning about the significant qualitative features of a situation.pg21
A concern with problem solving using inexact, missing, or poorly defined information and the use of representational formalisms that enable the programmer to compensate for these problems. pg21
A focus on problems that do not respond to algorithmic solutions. This underlies the reliance on heuristic search as an AI problem-solving technique.pg21
The use of computers to do symbolic reasoning, pattern recognition, learning, or some other form of inference.pg21
Little learning from experience. Current expert systems are handcrafted; once the system is completed, its performance will not improve without further attention from its programmers. This leads to severe doubts about the intelligence of such systems.pg21
Difficulties in verification. Though the correctness of any large computer system is difficult to prove, expert systems are particularly difficult to verify. This is a serious problem, as expert systems technology is being applied to critical applications such as air traffic control, nuclear
Inability to provide deep explanations. Because expert systems lack deep knowledge of their problem domains, their explanations are generally restricted to a description of the steps they took in finding a solution. They cannot tell "why" a certain approach was taken.pg21
Lack of robustness and flexibility. If humans are presented with a problem instance that they cannot solve immediately, they can generally return to an examination of first principles and come up with some strategy for attacking the problem. Expert systems generally lack this ability.pg21
Difficulty in capturing "deep" knowledge of the problem domain. MYCIN, for example, lacks any real knowledge of human physiology. It does not know what blood does or the function of the spinal cord. Folklore has it that once, when selecting a drug for treatment of meningitis, MYCIN asked whether
3.6 that allows complex sentences, such as, sentence sentence pg20pg20 sentence.
Add grammar rules to Example
3.6. pg20
Add rules for (multiple) prepositional phrases to Example
3.6. pg20
Add rules defining adjectives and adverbs to the grammar of Example
3.5 for the case of an individual with four dependents, $18,000 in the bank, and a steady income of $25,000 per year. Based on a comparison of this problem and the example in the text, suggest a generally "best" strategy for solving the problem. pg20
Trace a data-driven execution of the financial advisor of Example
Give another example of an and/or graph search problem and develop part of the search space. pg20
3.4 in a data-driven fashion. pg20
Trace the good-dog problem of Example
Write a backtrack algorithm for and/or graphs. pg20
pg20
Choose and justify a choice of breadth- or depth-first search for examples of Exercise
Determine whether goal-driven or data-driven search would be preferable for solving each of the following problems. Justify your answer. pg20a. Diagnosing mechanical problems in an automobilepg20.b. C.d. e.f. You have met a person who claims to be your distant cousin, with a common ancestor named
Implement a backtrack algorithm in a programming language of your choice. pg20
27. Begin from state A. Keep track of the successive values of NSL, SL, CS, etc. pg20
"Hand run" the backtrack algorithm on the graph in Figure
Give an instance of the traveling salesperson problem for which the nearest-neighbor strategy fails to find an optimal path. Suggest another heuristic for this problempg20
Discuss the advan- tages of breadth-first and depth-first for searching this spacepg20
2). Let the nodes represent states of the world; e.g., the farmer and the goat are on the west bank and the wolf and cabbage on the eastpg20
1 and
3 (see Figures
Give the graph representation for the farmer, wolf, goat, and cabbage problem of Section
Is there such a path in the Knigsberg mappg20
A Hamiltonian path is a path that uses every node of the graph exactly once. What condi- tions are necessary for such a path to existpg20
How can an interpreter be designed to most effectively utilize a representation languagepg20
How can the interpreter most effectively reduce search complexitypg20
What is the complexity of the search process in terms of time usagepg20 Space usagepg20
When a solution is found, is it guaranteed to be optimalpg20
Will the problem solver always terminate, or can it become caught in an infinite looppg20
List and discuss two potentially negative effects on society of the development of artificial intelligence techniques.pg20
Add two more benefits for expert systems to those already listed in the text. Discuss these in terms of intellectual, social, or financial results.pg20
Pick one problem area that you feel would justify the energy required to design an expert system solution. Spell the problem out in some detail. Based on your own intuition, which aspects of this solution would be most difficult to automatepg20
Given the differences between the architectures of modern computers and that of the human brain, what relevance does research into the physiological structure and function of biological systems have for the engineering of AI programspg20 Justify your answer.pg20
Although computing is a relatively new discipline, philosophers and mathematicians have been thinking about the issues involved in automating problem solving for thousands of years. What is your opinion of the relevance of these philosophical issues to the design of a device for intelligent problem
Describe your own criteria for computer software to be considered "intelligent."pg20
Criticize Turing's criteria for computer software being "intelligent."pg20
Discuss your thoughts on the mind-body problem and its importance for a theory of artificial intelligence.
Much traditional Western thought has dwelt on the mind-body relationship. Are the mind and body:a. b. distinct entities somehow interacting, or is mind an expression of "physical processes," or C. is body just an illusion of the rational mindpg20
Give several other examples of Aristotle's distinction between "matter" and "form." Can you show how your examples might fit into a theory of abstractionpg20
Answers that are neither exact nor optimal, but are in some sense "sufficient." This is a result of the essential reliance on heuristic problem-solving methods in situations where optimal or exact results are either too expensive or not possible.pg20
An attempt to deal with issues of semantic meaning as well as syntactic form.pg20
Reasoning about the significant qualitative features of a situation.pg20
A concern with problem solving using inexact, missing, or poorly defined information and the use of representational formalisms that enable the programmer to compensate for these problems. pg20
A focus on problems that do not respond to algorithmic solutions. This underlies the reliance on heuristic search as an AI problem-solving technique.pg20
The use of computers to do symbolic reasoning, pattern recognition, learning, or some other form of inference.pg20
Little learning from experience. Current expert systems are handcrafted; once the system is completed, its performance will not improve without further attention from its programmers. This leads to severe doubts about the intelligence of such systems.pg20
Difficulties in verification. Though the correctness of any large computer system is difficult to prove, expert systems are particularly difficult to verify. This is a serious problem, as expert systems technology is being applied to critical applications such as air traffic control, nuclear
Inability to provide deep explanations. Because expert systems lack deep knowledge of their problem domains, their explanations are generally restricted to a description of the steps they took in finding a solution. They cannot tell "why" a certain approach was taken.pg20
Lack of robustness and flexibility. If humans are presented with a problem instance that they cannot solve immediately, they can generally return to an examination of first principles and come up with some strategy for attacking the problem. Expert systems generally lack this ability.pg20
Difficulty in capturing "deep" knowledge of the problem domain. MYCIN, for example, lacks any real knowledge of human physiology. It does not know what blood does or the function of the spinal cord. Folklore has it that once, when selecting a drug for treatment of meningitis, MYCIN asked whether
3.6 that allows complex sentences, such as, sentence sentence pg19pg19 sentence.
Add grammar rules to Example
3.6. pg19
Add rules for (multiple) prepositional phrases to Example
3.6. pg19
Add rules defining adjectives and adverbs to the grammar of Example
3.5 for the case of an individual with four dependents, $18,000 in the bank, and a steady income of $25,000 per year. Based on a comparison of this problem and the example in the text, suggest a generally "best" strategy for solving the problem. pg19
Trace a data-driven execution of the financial advisor of Example
Give another example of an and/or graph search problem and develop part of the search space. pg19
3.4 in a data-driven fashion. pg19
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