Basic Hazardous Waste Management 3rd Edition William C. Blackman Jr. - Solutions

Unlock comprehensive guidance with our expertly crafted solutions for "Basic Hazardous Waste Management 3rd Edition" by William C. Blackman Jr. Dive into a world of knowledge with our online answers key and complete solutions manual, perfect for students and instructors alike. Access chapter solutions and solved problems for an enriched learning experience. Our answers are detailed, providing step-by-step explanations to enhance understanding. Explore the textbook with our test bank and instructor manual, ensuring thorough preparation. Enjoy the convenience of free download options for solutions in PDF format, making learning accessible and efficient.

3. A print shop has the following jobs available at 7 A.M.:Processing Times Job Machine 1 Machine 2 All jobs in the print shop must fmt be processed on machine 1 and then on machine 2. The shop stays open until all jobs are completed, and no other jobs arrive during the day. Processing times are
The hazardous waste mismanagement episodes summarized in the “Early Hazardous Waste Management” section of this chapter suggest several regulatory measures that might be needed to protect human health and the environment. Discuss a few such possibilities.
Discuss two undesirable effects of the discharge of toxic industrial wastes to municipal sewerage.
Review the progression of environmental laws and regulations that culminated in the need to regulate hazardous waste management in the U.S.
Identify at least two provisions of the 1984 Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments that had major significance or impact.
What event(s) of the mid-1980s has/have caused, and will continue for some time to cause, annual increases in the quantities of hazardous wastes generated?
SARA Title I was an unusual legislative step. Discuss.
Public hearings on environmental issues are now taken for granted. Discuss any that may have been held in local jurisdictions and any impacts they may have had.
If major and minor world powers suddenly began development of new weapons systems that threatened world peace, or even human survival, would the U.S. be justified in again postponing environmental controls on weapons production in order to quickly build an offsetting defensive arsenal of these
Understand the generally accepted definitions of “hazardous waste” and why the definition is of singular importance.
Understand the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) definition of “hazardous waste” and the importance, application, and limitations thereof.
Understand the relationship of RCRA “solid waste” and RCRA “hazardous waste.”
Have an overview familiarity with the perspective of various professionals in the management and control of hazardous wastes.
Understand the differences in perception of hazardous waste and hazardous materials management by regulators, environmentalists, the public, and the media.
Be familiar with other definitive approaches — state and foreign — and their strengths and weaknesses.
As noted in this chapter, some nations have rationalized identification of hazardous wastes by simply declaring any discarded chemical as “hazardous.” Is this workable in the U.S.? If so, how? If not, why not?
In describing wastes, the scientific and technical communities assign a clear difference to the meanings and applications of the terms “toxic”and “hazardous.” Provide a short definition of each, making this distinction clear.
What is the rationale for the distinction, made by RCRA, between “hazardous waste” and “acutely hazardous waste?”
Why is the “mixture rule” of such great importance to practitioners and regulators?
Similarly, why is the “derived-from rule” important?
Why is a scheme such as the “characteristics” necessary? Why not rely entirely on lists?
Understand basic theories of movement, mobility, dispersion, and natural breakdown mechanisms.
Gain overview familiarity with the generally accepted and established pathways and measurements of releases to the environment.
Be able to relate some important pathways and movement mechanisms to impacts on human health, the environment, land and marine life, and global changes.
Explain how it is possible for mercury to move so easily through the environment.
Chemicals may be intentionally or accidentally released to the atmosphere, surface waters, or the land. Which release is more likely to lead to chronic exposure of humans to the released chemical? Why?
Why is there so much concern regarding releases of chlorofluorocarbons such as freon (including a ban on the manufacture of the compound)?
Explain the term pretreatment as applied by the Clean Water Act implementation program. Why is pretreatment necessary? Why are some large coastal cities major sources of toxic chemical discharges to the oceans?
How is it possible for a chemical pollutant to move from a land disposal site to the groundwater, to a stream, and possibly back to an aquifer?
How does it happen that municipal sewage treatment plants can be a source of atmospheric releases of volatile organics?
What should be done about existing releases of MTBE to groundwater?What should be done to prevent future releases?
Understand the basic mechanisms of human exposure.
Be able to relate the exposure mechanisms to the pathways overviewed in Chapter 3 and to the common release mechanisms.
Be able to locate appropriate data on the toxicology of the chemical constituents of hazardous wastes.
Know the components of the general risk assessment process and understand their relationship to each other.
Understand how toxicological and human health considerations have been addressed in RCRA and how RCRA measures, regulates, and attempts to minimize toxic and health impacts of hazardous wastes.
What does a dose-response curve that passes through the origin indicate with respect to acceptable dose?
Identify four categories of physiological effects imposed by chemical constituents of hazardous wastes.
In the hazardous waste lexicon, what is meant by the term “toxicity hazard?”
Which of the routes of exposure is considered least likely to be a factor to workers on industrial sites? Why?
The risk assessment process for evaluation of a hazardous waste site usually consists of:a. ________________________________________________________b. ________________________________________________________c. ________________________________________________________d.
Carbon tetrachloride, a widely distributed pollutant, may cause damage to what human organs?
Identify some of the physiological effects on humans of exposure to mercury.
The current regulatory scheme for hazardous waste management generally relies upon risk-based or technology based standards. Briefly explain each.What are the arguments favoring each?
Which agencies and departments of the federal government classify hazardous materials and their constituents as “carcinogenic?” Construct a matrix showing which chemicals, by agency, are carcinogenic, suspect carcinogens, probable carcinogens, etc.
Have familiarity with some of the common industrial sources of hazardous waste and the RCRA approach to regulation of wastes from specific industries/processes.
Understand the role that the generator plays in the “cradle-to-grave”management of hazardous wastes and the basic requirements RCRA imposes upon generators.
Understand the RCRA focus on controls based upon the three categories of generators, i.e., nature and composition of a waste, environmental and health impacts of a waste, and/or quantity of waste produced.
Why are regulatory agencies (and their regulatory issue) so concerned with limiting the time over which hazardous wastes may be stored or accumulated?
What is the main purpose of the Hazardous Waste Manifest system?
How do the RCRA regulations apply the descriptors “hazardous waste”and “acutely hazardous waste” in making the distinctions between “conditionally exempt small quantity generator,” “small quantity generator,”and “generator?”
Why is it important to assign standardized shipping names for hazardous materials being shipped in commerce?
To what publication should one refer to determine the correct shipping name for a hazardous waste?
RCRA regulations (40 CFR 262.34) allow a small quantity generator to accumulate waste on-site for 180 days (or 270 days if the waste must be transported more than 200 mi to the treatment, storage, or disposal site).What regulatory circumstance would cause the storage period to be automatically
The operator of a satellite accumulation point, as described by the RCRA regulations (40 CFR 262.34), accumulates U005 waste in excess of 1 quart and fails to begin accumulating the waste in another container. Is the facility now out of compliance? Explain.
A “small quantity generator” is not required to prepare and implement a contingency plan. What emergency planning is required?
Understand the advantages/disadvantages of the modes of transportation of hazardous wastes.
Be familiar with the requirements for action by transporters of a release during transportation.
Understand the general nature of the regulations imposed upon transport of hazardous wastes by RCRA and DOT regulations and their relationship to each other.
Be aware of the regulatory complexities associated with transfrontier movement of hazardous wastes.
Discuss situations in which hazardous chemicals in transit burn or release flammables in rural and urban areas. When might it be advisable to attempt control and why? When might it be best to let the fire “burn itself out”and why?
The DOT lists 11 circumstances that may require notification of the National Response Center regarding a hazardous materials incident. What are these circumstances?
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of highway vs. rail shipment of hazardous materials/wastes.
There are several missteps that can cause a transporter of RCRA hazardous wastes to become subject to generator or storage facility (or both) requirements. List the missteps.
Have overview knowledge of historical and traditional methods of treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes, and the environmental impacts of each.
Have knowledge of past and present practices of land treatment and disposal, the environmental impacts thereof, and the RCRA land disposal restrictions.
Have overview knowledge of nonpoint-source water quality impacts of hazardous waste treatment and disposal operations.
Understand the air quality implications, residue management, and waste destruction capabilities of burning vs. incineration and the RCRA approach to each.
Understand some of the classic reuse and recycling processes as a basic management approach and as an introduction to Chapter 8.
Understand the basic differences between treatment, immobilization, and destruction and the processes associated with each category.
Be familiar with history and practice of ocean dumping and underground injection and with concerns regarding potential environmental impacts of each.
Simple aeration of liquid hazardous wastes, or pumped groundwater, is not considered to be acceptable practice. Why not? What must be done to cause the practice to become acceptable?
Carbon adsorption processes are generally most effective for what kinds of hazardous wastes? The effectiveness of activated carbon in removing waste constituents from aqueous streams depends on what characteristic of the carbon?
What is the usual objective of the introduction of a hydroxide ion in the neutralization and precipitation of a metal-bearing waste?
Air or steam stripping is frequently employed to remove from wastewaters or contaminated groundwater. Early applications of this process were environmentally unsound because they __________________________
Biological treatment of toxic organic components in industrial wastewaters requires considerably more sophisticated controls than are required in similar domestic sewage treatment processes. Why?
RCRA permitted hazardous waste surface impoundments must meet three basic requirements. They are: _________________________________
The validity of the concept that … “liquid wastes can be injected into, and contained by, confined geologic strata no having other actual or potential uses of a more beneficial nature, thereby providing long-term isolation of the waste material from man’s environment” … depends upon two
The heavy metal constituents in a sludge can usually be destroyed in a well-designed and -operated hazardous waste incinerator. True? False?Why?
A well-designed and -operated incinerator of chlorinated hydrocarbon wastes will produce at least three residues which are environmentally harmless. Identify the three. One other residue must be managed. What is that product and how may it be managed?
Where in the RCRA regulations does the owner/operator of a generator facility find the applicable requirements for contingency planning for his/her facility?
Understand the basic operational approaches to waste minimization, i.e., product changes, source controls, use and reuse, and reclamation.
Be familiar with the principles, process, and practice of waste reduction assessment.
Understand the imperatives of waste minimization, reduction, reuse, and recycling.
Be familiar with the RCRA regulatory mechanisms and program incentives to achieve waste minimization, the national policy aspects, and the local impediments.
Be similarly familiar with the objectives of the Pollution Prevention Act and the implementing mechanisms.
The text refers to a classic process change — the use of a single solvent for several purposes, reusing the solvent in succeeding processes which require decreasing purity. Name at least three advantages of such a modification.
There are apparently several reasons why many hazardous waste exchanges have not prospered. What are three of the reasons?
What format could be used to make a regulatory distinction between burning of hazardous waste for the fuel value and incinerating to destroy the hazardous constituents?
The EPA waste minimization program embodies a hierarchy of preferable options for hazardous waste management. Proceeding from most desirable to least desirable, list those options.
Understand the basic outline of the RCRA permitting process.
Be familiar with the four steps of the RCRA corrective action process and the application of each of the steps.
Understand the goals of the RCRA Enforcement Program and the actions which may be taken to achieve these goals.
Be familiar with the administrative, civil, and criminal enforcement provisions of RCRA.
What was the rationale on the part of the EPA for grouping treatment, storage, and disposal facilities as the third element in the “cradle-to-grave”system of hazardous waste control?
Why would the EPA or a state regulatory agency insist that groundwater monitoring continue for 30 years after closure of a land disposal facility?
Why was Congress concerned about conflicts with the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 at an RCRA facility?
What rationale does the EPA have for entrusting facilities to conduct selfmonitoring of critical compliance parameters?
How do permit inspections under the Clean Water Act compare with those of RCRA? Explain some of the differences.
Be cognizant of the necessity for an appropriate form of site environmental assessment where individuals or organizations have “care, custody, and control” of real property or contemplate assumption of same.

Showing 2700 - 2800 of 5801

First
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Last

Basic Hazardous Waste Management 3rd Edition William C. Blackman Jr. - Solutions

Step by Step Answers