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Construction Project Management Theory And Practices 2nd Edition Kumar Neeraj Jha - Solutions
D raw FAST diagram for (a) plastering of wall, (b) flooring, (c) roof slab construction.
D iscuss the various steps involved in the application of value engineering.
What is value engineering? In what stage of the project value engineering can provide maximum advantages?
S tudy cost statement of any significant project being executed around you.
Visit a construction site and collect the cost information on various cost heads as given in the text.
How is the cost statement prepared? Discuss its importance in brief.
Why is the cost code important?
D iscuss in brief three steps involved in cost control and why cost control is important?
D ifferentiate between cost budgeting and cost planning?
What are the critical aspects that should be considered as vital while cost planning?
What do you mean by project overheads?
What are the different steps taken for project cost management? Discuss in brief.
S tate whether True or False:a. Four broad steps involved in project cost management are—resource planning schedule, cost planning, cost budgeting and cost control.b. T he cost of an activity is collected under these broad heads—labour costs, material costs, plant and equipment costs,
C ollect consumption data for 100 different items for an organization and classify these into an ABC framework. List these items in a two-way classification, ABC and VED, and identify the number of items belonging to each of these nine distinct groups.
Why are inventory models needed? Discuss EOQ model.
Differentiate between ABC analysis, VED analysis and FSN analysis.
Discuss different inventory-control policies.
How do we classify different inventory systems?
What are the inventory-related costs? What are the functions of inventories?
Discuss the role of vendor management in material management.
What are the benefits of proper classification of materials?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of early and late procurement?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of centralized and local purchasing?
What are the different functions of material management?
Discuss the importance of inventory management in material management.
S tate whether True or False:a. C onstruction materials account for a large fraction of overall construction project cost.b. M aterials are classified broadly into capital items and revenue items.c. Functions involved in material management are—materials planning, procurement, custody(receiving,
Working capital management assumes considerable significance in construction management.What are the concepts and strategies behind effective working capital management?Table Q14.1 Data for Question 14 Particulars ` (lakh)General reserves 50 Cum depreciation 20 Short term loans 30 Work in progress
What are the basic concepts and features behind preparing profit and loss account and balance sheet?
Write short notes on (a) Percentage of completion method, and (b) Completed contract method of project accounting.
Determine the working capital required for the business from the data given in Table Q14.1.
From the transaction details of a construction company, M/s New Construction Limited, given in Table Q13.1, prepare the profit and loss account and the balance sheet. Assume all transactions to be cash transactions. Also, assume depreciation of machinery to be zero in this financial year.Table
T able Q12.1 shows inter-firm comparison of construction companies. Calculate the current ratio and the net working capital for each of the companies and comment on them.Table Q12.1 I nter-firm comparison Particulars ABC CDE EFG HIJ Working capital as % of sales 28.94% 6.30% 27.33% 28.26%Unadjusted
For the set of data given in Table Q11.1, calculate the revenue using the following methods of revenue recognition—(1) cash method of revenue recognition, (2) straight accrual method of revenue recognition, (3) completed contract method of revenue recognition, and (4) percentage of completion
Discuss different ratios and their relevance.
Differentiate between short-term and long-term finance.
What is operating cycle?
What do you mean by working capital? Why is working capital management important?
Write short notes on T-account, cashbook, and profit and loss account.
What is meant by assets and liabilities? Give examples of assets and liabilities in the context of a construction organization.
What are the different entries in a balance sheet?
What is meant by initial trial balance? Why is it important to prepare an initial trial balance?
Discuss the principles of accounting.
i. N et working capital meansa. C urrent assets—current liabilitiesb. Fixed assets—fixed liabilitiesc. C urrent assets—non-tangible assets ii. A n aggressive approach to current asset financing leads toa. Greater profitabilityb. Lower profitabilityc. N o impact on profitability iii. T he
The cash flows for an investment of ` 6,000 for three years are shown in the following Table along with the probabilities of their occurrences. If the discount rate is 10% what is the net present value of the proposal. What is the probability of making losses in this investment plan?
You want to invest ` 1,00,000/-. You have two proposals in hand, (a) to invest in a stock and (b)to invest in an infrastructure project. The rate of return of return on the investment depends on the state of economy of the market. The chances of occurrence of each state of economy and the probable
In a project, a contractor needs an earth-excavating equipment, which he has the option of buying either from manufacturer M/s XYZ Equipment or from M/s EFG Equipment. M/s XYZ makes it under brand name A and M/s EFG under brand name B. For your convenience, assume that technically, there is no
The purchase price of a small diesel generator set is ` 10 lakh. The operating costs based on the annual average estimated hours of operation are ` 40,000 in the first year and ` 60,000 in the second year, rising by ` 15,000 each year thereafter. The resale value of the diesel generator set can be
An engineer is trying to decide between two ways to pump concrete up to the top floors of a seven-storey building under construction. Plan 1 requires the purchase of equipment costing` 300,000 and costing between ` 20 per ton and ` 35 per ton to operate with the expected cost of ` 25 per ton. The
A construction company engaged in constructing sewage treatment plant is considering the economics of furnishing an in-house water-testing lab instead of sending samples to independent labs for analysis. If the lab is furnished so that all the tests can be conducted in-house, the initial cost will
Two pumps can be used for pumping a corrosive liquid. A pump with a brass impeller costs` 40,000 and is expected to last for three years. A pump with a stainless steel impeller will cost` 95,000 and lasts for five years. An overhaul costing ` 15,000 will be required after 2,000 operating hours of
Check regulations published by the accounting authorities for specific rules regarding depreciation and methods of calculating depreciation for various types of assets.
Table Q7.1 gives details of the equipment used at a construction site. Complete the table and determine the total expenses for depreciation of equipment at the site.
An asset having a first cost of ` 1,150,000 is expected to have a life of 12 years with a salvage value of ` 100,000. In what year does the depreciation charge by the straight-line method first exceed the depreciation charge allowed by thea. sum of years method andb. double declining balance method?
A building costing ` 1,600,000 is expected to have a 35 years life with 25 per cent salvage value.Calculate the depreciation charge for years 4, 9, 18 and 26 using thea. Straight-line methodb. Sum of years methodc. Double declining balance method
Describe various types of lifting cranes. State the various uses of tower crane in construction industry.
Enumerate various types of equipment required for (a) earthwork, (b) concrete and (c) material hoisting.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using machines in construction in a country like India?
State whether True or False:a. The choice of construction equipment defines the construction method, which in a way leads to the determination of time and cost for the project.b. Construction equipment can be classified on the basis of functional aspects, operational aspects, and purpose (general
Calculate the average monthly stock from the data given in Table Q6.1
F or the data given in Table Q5.1, calculate the return on capital employed and the EVA for the project.Corporate tax rate is 38 per cent. Average working capital employed by the contractor is ` 5.5 crore. The cost of capital is 15 per cent.
A 10-month project involves execution of some items. The contractor estimates the project value to be` 30 crore. The estimated invoice percentage per month is given in Table Q4.1. ayment conditions are such that contractor estimates an average outstanding duration of 45 days.The mobilization
D erive the rate of one cubic metre of M20 and M25 grade concrete. The estimated quantities for different constituents of one m3 of concrete are listed in the given table for your reference.
Calculate material cost per m2 for Kota stone.
S tate whether True or False:a. In restrictive bidding, the first stage is pre-qualification of contractors.b. Earnest money deposit is nothing but a type of security deposit by contractor.c. M aterials productivity is the ratio between work units and materials quantity.d. Workers’ productivity
Numerical problemsa. A construction company has been awarded a contract to construct a flyover in a city with a completion period of 18 months. The major activities in the project and the relationships among them, the normal and crash durations, and the corresponding normal and crash costs are
Short-answer type questionsa. What do you understand by ‘crashing’ of an activity? How is it used for optimizing project cost?Explain with help of a diagram.b. Explain the step-by-step process of ‘resource scheduling’. What do you understand by ‘resource levelling’ and how do you
State whether True or False:a. During resource levelling exercise, the critical activities are given priority for resource allocation.b. Time-cost trade-off analysis in CPM tries to optimize the project duration to minimize the total project cost.c. An activity with the highest cost slope is to be
For the network shown in Figure Q6.5.1:(a) What are the critical path and the project duration?(b) If the estimated duration for activity ‘C’ is revised to 8 days, will the critical path remain the same as earlier?
Two project activities ‘A’ and ‘B’ (B being dependent on A) have a finish–finish relationship with 8 days ‘lag’. The estimated durations for the activities are 10 days and 15 days, respectively. If activity ‘A’ is scheduled to start on the 12th day from the beginning of project,
The early occurrence time and the late occurrence time of the starting event of an activity are 10 and 12, respectively. The early occurrence time and the late occurrence time of the finishing event of the same activity are 22 and 26, respectively. If the estimated duration for the activity is 10
A project network has five paths—P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5. The total activity duration computed along each of these paths are—22, 31, 20, 30 and 19 days, respectively. What is the minimum duration for project completion?
The mean time for project completion using PERT method of time estimation is 25 weeks with a standard deviation of 3 weeks. What is the duration beyond which the project completion is not likely to extend?
N umerical Problems
S hort-answer type questionsa. What is WBS? How is this helpful in planning, monitoring and controlling the programme of projects?b. Describe the process of drawing a Gantt chart for project schedule. What are the advantages and limitations of Gantt charts?c. How is the estimation of time duration
S tate whether True or False:a. Work-breakdown structure is a breakdown of project activity schedules from weekly to daily and from daily to hourly schedules for minute control.b. Work-breakdown structure is a breakdown of project into its components that enables meaningful organization of project
What is meant by earnest money deposit?
Differentiate between design–build, BOT and turnkey contracts.
Discuss different categories of contract in detail and differentiate them with respect to their important characteristics.
What do you mean by bill of quantity and how is it important for a construction project? Prepare a bill of quantity from the set of drawings for a project under construction in your locality.
A nalyse some special contract conditions for a few projects being executed in and around you.
Collect a few contract documents and list out the common general contract conditions.
Discuss in brief different contract documents.
What are the criteria that ensure validity of a contract?
What is the content of specification? What are the different types of specification?
What is a bid? How is it submitted? What are the various stages and types? How does the presentation of the bid and its evaluation take place?
E xplain the necessity of involving private participation in infrastructure development. What are the structure and salient features of BOT form of public–private partnership? You may explain with the background of road construction on BOT basis.
Write short notes on (a) price escalation clause and (b) liquidated damages and penalty.
What are the contents of a tender document? Enumerate the complete tendering procedure with illustrations.
What are the conditions of contract in a contract document? Why is it recommended to use standard forms of contract? What are the matters to be defined in the conditions of contract?Elaborate.
How is a contractor normally qualified to carry out certain types of work for government’s departmental work?
Write short notes on CPWD contract conditions and special conditions of contract.
What is pre-qualification of contractors, and what criterion is applied for taking a decision by the client? S uggest weightage rate for merit rating.
E xplain the common types of engineering contracts and compare the following types of contract:a. Item rate contract v/s lump-sum contractb. Cost plus contract v/s turnkey contract
S tate whether True or False:a. When time is the essence of contract, the completion time can be extended.b. When time is the essence of contract, liquidated damages clause can apply.c. When time is the essence of contract, penalty can be charged for delayed completion.d. When time is the essence
Derive the quantity of dry materials required for producing one m3 of brick masonry in cement sand mortar. Ratio 1:5. Assume total dry mortar required for 1 m3 of brick masonry 5 0.30 m3.
Derive the quantity of materials required for producing one m3 of cement concrete 1:4:8 in foundation.Assume total dry mortar for 1 m3 of cement concrete 5 1.54 m3.
Derive the rate of one square metre of shuttering/centring to be done for wall, column, beam and slab. Assume any suitable data required for deriving the rate.
Derive the rate of one MT of reinforcement cost including cutting, bending and tying all complete.Assume any suitable data required for deriving the rate.
Derive the rate per cubic metre of 2nd class brick work in foundation with 20 cm 10 cm 10 cm nominal size with cement sand mortar 1:6.
Derive the rate per cubic metre for 1:5:10 cement concrete in foundations with brick ballast 40 mm size.
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