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software testing and quality assurance
Software Engineering 10th Edition Ian Sommerville - Solutions
Why is the cost of assuring dependability exponential?
What are the most important dimensions of system dependability?
Suggest six reasons why dependability is important in critical systems.
What are the three principal types of critical system? Explain the differences between these.
You are an engineer involved in the development of a financial system. During installation, you discover that this system will make a significant number of people redundant. The people in the environment deny you access to essential information to complete the system installation. To what extent
What are the arguments for and against considering system engineering as a profession in its own right such as electrical engineering or software engineering?
Explain why legacy systems can cause difficulties for companies that wish to reorganise their business processes.
Explain why legacy systems may be critical to the operation of a business.
A multimedia virtual museum system offering virtual experiences of ancient Greece is to be developed for a consortium of European museums. The system should provide users with the facility to view 3-D models of ancient Greece through a standard web browser and should also support an immersive
A flood warning system is to be procured which will give early warning of possible flood dangers to sites that are threatened by floods. The system will include a set of sensors to monitor the rate of change of river levels, links to a meteorological system giving weather forecasts, links to the
Consider a security system that is an extended version of the system shown in Figure 2.6, which is intended to protect against intrusion and to detect fire. It incorporates smoke sensors, movement sensors, door sensors, video cameras under computer control, located at various places in the
Explain why it is important to produce an overall description of a system architecture at an early stage in the system specification process.
Suggest how the software systems used in a car can help with the decommissioning(scrapping) of the overall system.
Explain why specifying a system to be used by emergency services for disaster management is an inherently wicked problem.
Explain why other systems within a system’s environment can have unanticipated effects on the functioning of a system.
To help counter terrorism, many countries are planning the development of computer systems that track large numbers of their citizens and their actions. Clearly this has privacy implications. Discuss the ethics of developing this type of system.
For each of the clauses in the ACM/IEEE Code of Ethics shown in Figure 1.6, suggest an appropriate example that illustrates that clause.
Discuss whether professional engineers should be certified in the same way as doctors or lawyers.
Apart from the challenges of heterogeneity, rapid delivery and trust, identify other problems and challenges that software engineering is likely to face in the 21st century.
Software engineering methods became widely used only when CASE technology became available to support them. Suggest five types of method support that can be provided by CASE tools.
Explain why system testing costs are particularly high for generic software products that are sold to a very wide market.
What is the difference between a software process model and a software process? Suggest two ways in which a software process model might be helpful in identifying possible process improvements.
What are the four important attributes which all software products should have? Suggest four other attributes that may sometimes be significant.
What are the differences between generic software product development and custom software development?
By making reference to the distribution of software costs discussed in Section 1.1.6, explain why it is appropriate to consider software to be more than the programs that can be executed by end-users of a system.
=+ What are the components included in real-time operating systems and what are their responsibilities?
=+ Explain how it is different from a conventional operating system.
=+define what a real-time operating system is.?
=+21.10. With the help of examples,
=+ Explain how you arrived at your answer.
=+21.9. If a periodic process in the on-board train protection system is used to collect data from the trackside transmitter, how often must it be scheduled to ensure that the system is guaranteed to collect information from the transmitter?
=+21.8. Suggest a possible process architecture for this system.
=+21.7. A train protection system automatically applies the brakes of a train if the speed limit for a segment of track is exceeded or if the train enters a track segment that is currently signaled with a red light (i.e., the segment should not be entered). Details are shown in Figure
=+more than 30% of the sensors in a particular neighborhood indicate that the air quality is below an acceptable level, local warning lights are activated. All sensors return the readings to a central computer, which generates reports every 15 minutes on the air quality in the city.
=+21.6. Design a process architecture for an environmental monitoring system that collects data from a set of air quality sensors situated around a city. There are 5000 sensors organized into 100 neighborhoods. Each sensor must be interrogated four times per second. When
=+21.5. Show how the Environmental Control pattern could be used as the basis of the design of a system to control the temperature in a greenhouse. The temperature should be between 10 and 30 degrees Celsius. If it falls below 10 degrees, the heating system should be switched on; if it goes above
=+21.4. What are the commonly used architectural patterns in real-time systems and when are they used?
=+This should display the number of recorded messages on an LED display and should allow the user to dial-in and listen to the recorded messages.
=+21.3. Using the state-based approach to modeling, as discussed in Section 21.1.1, model the operation of the embedded software for a voicemail system that is included in a landline phone.
=+21.2. Identify possible stimuli and the expected responses for an embedded system that controls a home refrigerator or a domestic washing machine.
=+21.1. Explain why responsiveness in real time is the critical difference between embedded systems and other software systems.
=+20.10. You work for a software company that has developed a system that provides information about consumers and that is used within a SoS by a number of other retail businesses. They pay you for the services used. Discuss the ethics of changing the system interfaces without notice to coerce
=+This should not involve all trades going through a central node.
=+20.9. The trading system pattern assumes that there is no central authority involved. However, in areas such as equity trading, trading systems must follow regulatory rules. Suggest how this pattern might be modified to allow a regulator to check that these rules have been followed.
=+20.8. Suggest the closest-fit architectural pattern for the systems of systems introduced in Exercise 20.3.
=+20.7. Sillitto suggests that communications between nodes in a SoS are not just technical but should also include informal sociotechnical communications between the people involved in the system. Using the iLearn SoS as an example, suggest where these informal communications may be important to
=+20.6. How beneficial is a unified user interface in the interface design of SoS? What are the factors on which the cost-effectiveness of a unified user interface is dependent?
=+20.5. Define systems of systems engineering. List the problems of software SoS engineering that are also common to problems of integrating large-scale application systems.
=+20.4. Explain what is meant by reductionism and why it is effective as a basis for many kinds of engineering.
=+(c) A government system that provides access to a range of welfare services such as pensions, disability benefits, and unemployment benefits.Are there any problems with the suggested classification for any of these systems?
=+(a) A health care system that provides unified access to all patient health records from hospitals, clinics, and primary care.(b) The World Wide Web
=+20.3. The classification of SoS presented in Section 20.2 suggests a governance-based classification scheme. Giving reasons for your answer, identify the classifications for the following systems of systems:
=+20.2. Briefly explain any four essential characteristics of systems of systems.
=+20.1. Explain why managerial and operational independence are the key distinguishing characteristics of systems of systems when compared to other large, complex systems.
=+you simply abandon the work until the procuring organization has sorted out the problem?
=+you discover that this system will make a significant number of people redundant. The people in the environment deny you access to essential information to complete the system installation. To what extent should you, as a systems engineer, become involved in this situation? Is it your
=+19.10. You are an engineer involved in the development of a financial system. During installation,
=+19.9. What are the arguments for and against considering system engineering as a profession in its own right, like electrical engineering or software engineering?
=+19.8. Why is system evolution inherently costly?
=+19.7. Why is system integration a particularly critical part of the systems development process?Suggest three sociotechnical issues that may cause difficulties in the system integration process.
=+19.6. Explain why you need to be flexible and adapt system requirements when procuring large off-the-shelf software systems, such as ERP systems. Search the web for discussions of the failures of such systems and explain, from a sociotechnical perspective, why these failures occurred. A possible
=+should also support an immersive virtual reality experience. Develop a conceptual design for such a system, highlighting its key characteristics and essential high-level requirements.
=+19.5. A multimedia virtual museum system offering virtual experiences of ancient Greece is to be developed for a consortium of European museums. The system should provide users with the facility to view 3-D models of ancient Greece through a standard web browser and
=+19.4. What is a “wicked problem”? Explain why the development of a national medical records system should be considered a “wicked problem.”
=+19.3. Complex sociotechnical systems lead to three important characteristics. What are they?Explain each in brief.
=+19.2. Explain briefly why the involvement of a range of professional disciplines is essential in systems engineering.
=+19.1. Give two examples of government functions that are supported by complex sociotechnical systems and explain why, in the foreseeable future, these functions cannot be completely automated.
=+18.10. Using an example, explain in detail why the thorough testing of services that include compensation actions is difficult.
=+given the option of booking either a taxi or a hire car. You may assume that the taxi and rental car companies offer web services to make a reservation.
=+18.9. For the example of the vacation package reservation service, design a workflow that will book ground transportation for a group of passengers arriving at an airport. They should be
=+18.8. Explain what is meant by a “compensation action” and, using an example, show why these actions may have to be included in workflows.
=+18.7. Giving reasons for your answer, suggest two important types of application where you would not recommend the use of service-oriented architecture.
=+18.6. Design possible input and output messages for the services shown in Figure 18.13. You may specify these in the UML or in XML.
=+18.5. What is a workflow? List out the key stages in the process of system construction by composition.
=+18.4. Suggest how the SimpleInterestCalculator service could be implemented as a RESTful service.
=+the temperature is in degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius. InDataFault should be a simple type consisting of an error code.
=+18.3. Extend Figure 18.5 to include WSDL definitions for MaxMinType and InDataFault. The temperatures should be represented as integers, with an additional field indicating whether
=+why you think this change has occurred and whether or not you think that the lack of standards will inhibit the development and takeup of RESTful services.
=+However, RESTful services, which are increasingly widely used, are not standards-based. Discuss
=+18.2. Standards are fundamental to service-oriented architectures, and it was believed that standards conformance was essential for successful adoption of a service-based approach.
=+18.1. Why is it important to define exceptions in service engineering?
=+17.10. Your company wishes to move from using desktop applications to accessing the same functionality remotely as services. Identify three risks that might arise and suggest how these risks may be reduced.
=+17.9. List the benefits that a distributed component model has when used for implementing distributed systems.
=+17.8. What is the fundamental problem with a two-tier client–server approach? Define how a multitier client–server approach overcomes this.
=+17.7. Using a distributed component approach, propose an architecture for a national theater booking system. Users can check seat availability and book seats at a group of theaters. The system should support ticket returns so that people may return their tickets for last-minute resale to other
=+Each dealer uses this simulation in a different way, according to his or her experience and the type of stocks in question. Suggest a client–server architecture for this system that shows where functionality is located. Justify the client–server system model that you have chosen.
=+17.6. Your customer wants to develop a system for stock information where dealers can access information about companies and evaluate various investment scenarios using a simulation system.
=+17.5. You have been asked to design a secure system that requires strong authentication and authorization. The system must be designed so that communications between parts of the system cannot be intercepted and read by an attacker. Suggest the most appropriate client–server architecture for
=+17.4. What are the different logical layers in an application with a distributed client–server architecture?
=+17.3. Using an example of a remote procedure call, explain how middleware coordinates the interaction of computers in a distributed system.
=+17.2. Explain why distributed software systems are more complex than centralized software systems, where all of the system functionality is implemented on a single computer.
=+17.1. What do you understand by “scalability”? Discuss the differences between scaling up and scaling out and explain when these different approaches to scalability may be used.
=+would submit their components to this authority, which would validate that the component was trustworthy. What would be the advantages and disadvantages of such a certification authority?
=+16.10. It has been suggested that an independent certification authority should be established. Vendors
=+made, and a vehicle discovery component that, given a post code (zip code) and an incident type, finds the nearest suitable vehicle to be dispatched to the incident.
=+16.9. Design the interfaces of components that might be used in a system for an emergency control room. You should design interfaces for a call-logging component that records calls
=+16.8. Using examples, illustrate the different types of adaptor needed to support sequential composition, hierarchical composition, and additive composition.
=+16.7. Design the “provides” interface and the “requires” interface of a reusable component that may be used to represent a patient in the Mentcare system that I introduced in Chapter 1.
=+16.6. What are the essential differences between CBSE with reuse and software processes for original software development?
=+list, show why it is usually necessary to extend and adapt components for reuse.
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