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software testing and quality assurance
Software Engineering 10th Edition Ian Sommerville - Solutions
=+16.5. Using an example of a component that implements an abstract data type such as a stack or a
=+16.4. Why is it important that components should be based on a standard component model?
=+16.3. In a reusable component, what are the critical characteristics that are emphasized when the component is viewed as a service?
=+explain how such component replacement could have undesired consequences and may lead to system failure.
=+16.2. The principle of component independence means that it ought to be possible to replace one component with another that is implemented in a completely different way. Using an example,
=+16.1. What are the design principles underlying the CBSE that support the construction of understandable and maintainable software?
=+Discuss these issues and other ethical issues associated with the reuse of software.
=+What payment mechanisms might be used to reimburse providers of reusable components?
=+Does the software contractor have the right to use that code as a basis for a generic component?
=+15.10. The reuse of software raises a number of copyright and intellectual property issues. If a customer pays a software contractor to develop a system, who has the right to reuse the developed code?
=+application systems. Suggest three practical problems that might arise in writing adaptor software to link two application systems.
=+15.9. Explain why adaptors are usually needed when systems are constructed by integrating
=+15.8. What are the significant benefits offered by the application system reuse approach when compared with the custom software development approach?
=+ What problems may arise when deploying a large-scale ERP system in an organization?
=+15.7. Why have many large companies chosen ERP systems as the basis for their organizational information system?
=+that software. Suggest difficulties that users might have in configuring the software. Microsoft Office (or one of its open-source alternatives) is a good example to use for this exercise.
=+15.6. Most desktop software, such as word processing software, can be configured in a number of different ways. Examine software that you regularly use and list the configuration options for
=+the components that might be included at each level.
=+15.5. Using the example of the weather station system described in Chapters 1 and 7, suggest a product-line architecture for a family of applications that are concerned with remote monitoring and data collection. You should present your architecture as a layered model, showing
=+created using the same application framework.
=+15.4. Explain what is meant by “inversion of control” in application frameworks. Explain why this approach could cause problems if you integrated two separate systems that were originally
=+15.3. How does the base application’s design in the product line simplify reuse and reconfiguration?
=+15.2. List the benefits of software reuse and explain why the expected lifetime of the software should be considered when planning reuse.
=+Do you personally reuse much software and, if not, why not?
=+15.1. What major technical and nontechnical factors hinder software reuse?
=+How does a software project manager select the set of soft-
=+What techniques can be used to formally assess the risks
=+30.9. A legacy system has 940 modules. The latest release required that 90 of these modules be changed. In addition, 40 new modules were added and 12 old modules were removed.
=+30.8. Develop a small software tool that will perform a Halstead analysis on programming language source code of your choosing.
=+30.7. Develop a software tool that will compute cyclomatic complexity for a programming language module. You may choose the language.
=+30.6. A class X has 12 operations. Cyclomatic complexity has been computed for all oper-ations in the OO system, and the average value of module complexity is 4. For class X, the complexity for operations 1 to 12 is 5, 4, 3, 3, 6, 8, 2, 2, 5, 5, 4, 4, respectively. Compute the weighted methods
=+30.5. A major information system has 1140 modules. There are 96 modules that perform control and coordination functions and 490 modules whose function depends on prior pro-cessing.
=+30.4. Software for System X has 24 individual functional requirements and 14 nonfunctional requirements. What is the specificity of the requirements? The completeness?
=+30.3. A system has 12 external inputs, 24 external outputs, fields 30 different external que-ries, manages 4 internal logical files, and interfaces with 6 different legacy systems (6 EIFs).
=+30.2. Why is it that a single, all-encompassing metric cannot be developed for program com-plexity or program quality? Try to come up with a measure or metric from everyday life that violates the attributes of effective software metrics defined in Section 30.1.5.
=+30.1. Measurement theory is an advanced topic that has a strong bearing on software met-rics. Using [Zus97], [Fen91], [Zus90] or Web-based sources, write a brief paper that outlines the main tenets of measurement theory. Individual project: Develop a presentation on the subject and present it to
=+ity and enhances the correctness, reliability, and performance?
=+Q2: Is the complexity of each component within bounds that will facilitate modification and extension?
=+Q: Are architectural components characterized in a manner that compart-mentalizes function and related data?
=+29.12. What is content management?
=+29.11. Briefly describe the differences between SCM for conventional software and SCM for Web or Mobile Apps.
=+ Cantheir func-tion be folded into one review? What are the pros and cons?
=+29.10. What is the difference between an SCMaudit and a technical review?
=+29.9. Develop a checklist for use during configuration audits.
=+29.8. Research an existing SCM tool and describe how it implements the mechanics of ver-sion control. Alternatively, read two or three papers on SCM and describe the different data structures and referencing mechanisms that are used for version control.
=+29.7. The relations and represent simple relationships between configuration objects. Describe five additional relationships that might be useful in the con-text of an SCM repository.
=+29.6. Research an existing SCM tool and describe how it implements control for versions, variants, and configuration objects in general.
=+figuration items. How would the database handle different versions of the same program?
=+29.5. Design a project database (repository) system that would enable a software engineer to store, cross-reference, trace, update, change, and so forth all important software con-
=+29.4. Assume that you're the manager of a small project. What baselines would you define for the project and how would you control them?
=+29.3. Discuss the reasons for baselines in your own words.
=+29.2. What are the four elements that exist when an effective SCM system is implemented?Discuss each briefly.
=+29.1. Why is the First Law of System Engineering true? Provide specific examples for each of the four fundamental reasons for change.
=+4.change author been specified? Do the attributes of the configuration ob-ject reflect the change?
=+How does an organization assess the impact of change and manage the impact effectively?
=+How does an organization manage the many existing versions of a pro-gram (and its documentation) in a manner that will enable change to be accommodated efficiently?
=+28.10. You have been assigned to a software team that is developing software called MemoryDoubler that provides greater apparent memory for a PC than physical memory.This is accomplished by identifying, collecting, and reassigning blocks of memory that have
=+ables up to MaxNames people to be stored along with associated company names, fax num-bers, and other related information. Using natural language, detinea. The data invariant.b. The state.C. The operations that are likely.
=+28.9. You have been assigned to a team that is developing software for a fax modem. Your job is to develop the "phone book" portion of the application. The phone book function en-
=+28.8. In your own words, describe the intent of certification in the cleanroom software en-gineering context.
=+28.7. For the program stimuli and probability distribution table developed in Problem 28.6, use a random-number generator to develop a set of test cases for use in statistical use testing.
=+bility of use for each scenario, and then develop a program stimuli and probability distribu-tion table similar to the one shown in Section 28.4.1.
=+28.6. Select a program that you use regularly (e.g ., an e-mail handler, a word processor, a spreadsheet program). Create a set of usage scenarios for the program. Define the proba-
=+28.5. Document a correctness verification proof for the bubble sort discussed in Problem 28.4.
=+28.4. A bubble-sort algorithm is defined in the following mamer:procedure bubblesort:var i. t. integer:begin repeat until t=a[1]t := a[1]:for j := 2 to n do if alj-11 > aljl then begin t=alj-11:alj-11 := alj]:aljl := t;end endrep end
=+28.3. Using box structure specification, develop "first-pass" analysis and design models for the SafeHome system.
=+28.2. How do an incremental process model and certification work together to produce high-quality software?
=+28.1. If you had to pick one aspect of cleanroom software engineering that makes it radi-cally different from conventional or object-oriented software engineering approaches, what would it be?
=+27.10. Compute the annual loss expectancy (ALE) for the loss of a data server whose re- placement value is $30,000, the occurrence of loss of data due to hacking is 5 percent annu- ally, and the potential loss is $20,000.
=+27.9. Use the Internet to find the details needed to create a phishing attack pattern.
=+27.8. Explain some of the problems that might be encountered if you try to address security risk after a system is completed.
=+27.7. Use the Internet to determine the annual average cost of single incidence of identity theft to an individual consumer.
=+27.6. What does the same origin policy have to do with trustworthy systems?
=+27.5. Describe the security requirements for a cloud-based photo repository.
=+27.4. Describe the trust model used on a bidding site such as eBay.
=+27.3. Identify five attack patterns that may be commonly used to attack web apps.
=+27.2. Describe a security migration strategy for one of the risks noted in Problem 27.1.
=+27.1. Consider a mobile phone app that you own First describe the app briefly and then list at least three to five security risks.
=+25.10. Explain why preparing and distributing a system release for mass-market products is an expensive process.
=+25.9. Describe six essential features that should be included in a tool to support change management processes.
=+25.8. What are the factors that influence the decision on whether or not a change should be implemented?
=+Write a set of programmer’s guidelines that helps avoid this and any other systembuilding problems that you can think of.
=+25.7. A common problem with system building occurs when physical filenames are incorporated in system code and the file structure implied in these names differs from that of the target machine.
=+25.6. With reference to system building, explain why you may sometimes have to maintain obsolete computers on which large software systems were developed.
=+25.5. Describe the difficulties that may arise when building a system from its components. What particular problems might occur when a system is built on a host computer for some target machine?
=+25.4. Software is now often developed by distributed teams, with team members working at different locations and in different time zones. Suggest features in a version control system that could be included to support distributed software development.
=+25.3. Imagine a situation where two developers are simultaneously modifying three different software components. What difficulties might arise when they try to merge the changes they have made?
=+25.2. In version management, what do codeline and baseline terminologies stand for? List the features included in a version control system.
=+25.1. Suggest five possible problems that could arise if a company does not develop effective configuration management policies and processes.
=+24.10 A colleague who is a very good programmer produces software with a low number of defects but consistently ignores organizational quality standards. How should her managers react to this behavior?
=+and write a short report that summarizes work in software analytics and issues to be considered if analytics is introduced.
=+24.9. You work for a software product company and your manager has read an article on software analytics. She asks you to do some research in this area. Survey the literature on analytics
=+24.8. What is a software metric? Define different types of software metrics with examples.
=+24.7. What problems are likely to arise if formalized program inspections are introduced in a company where some software is developed using agile methods.
=+24.6. Briefly explain what happens during the software quality review process and the software quality inspection process.
=+Write a report suggesting appropriate metrics and suggest how these can be collected.
=+24.5. Assume you work for an organization that develops database products for individuals and small businesses. This organization is interested in quantifying its software development.
=+■ reports that might be submitted for a term project in a university;■ the process of making and approving program changes (web Chapter 26); and■ the process of purchasing and installing a new computer.
=+24.4. Briefly describe possible standards that might be used for:■ the use of control constructs in C, C#, or Java;
=+24.3. Discuss the assessment of software quality according to the quality attributes shown in Figure 24.2. You should consider each attribute in turn and explain how it might be assessed
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