Johnson and Kiviniemi (2009) designed a study to investigate the effect of online chapter quizzes on exam performance in a social psychology course. The online quizzes were completed by all students prior to taking an exam. Each exam question was categorized as either covered by an online quiz or not covered by an online quiz. The researchers compared the proportion of correct responses to exam questions covered by a quiz to the proportion of correct responses to exam questions not covered by a quiz.

1. Which statistical test seems most appropriate for the statistical analyses?

a. t test for one sample

b. t test for two independent samples

c. t test for two related samples

d. t test for a correlation coefficient

e. One-factor F-test

f. Two-factor F-test

g. Repeated-measures F test

h. One-variable χ² test

i. Two-variable χ² test

One sentence from the results section is shown below. Use the information presented in this sentence to answer questions 2-7.

Overall, performance was better for those questions that had been covered by a reading quiz (M = 70%, SD = 9%) versus those not covered by a quiz (M = 65%, SD = 14%); paired t(157) = 5.03, p < .001, d = 45. (p. 35)

2. The mean percent correct on questions covered by a quiz was equal to ___.

3. The mean percent correct on questions not covered by a quiz was equal to ___.

4. The obtained difference was equal to ___.

5. Degrees of freedom for the analysis were equal to ___.

6. How many students provided test scores for the analysis?

7. With a significance level of .05, critical t for a one-tailed test is approximately equal to ___.