The national norms for youth fitness tests are available on a website, http://www.exrx.net/Testing/YouthNorms.html. Let’s say that a physical education teacher wants to test null hypotheses related to these norms. First using words, then symbols, identify the null hypothesis for each of the following.

a. The teacher wants to determine whether the 13-year-old girls in the school district differ, on average, from the girls’ national norm of 1,861 yards for the 12 minute run.

b. The teacher wants to determine whether 13-year-old boys in the school district differ, on average, from the boys’ national norm of 2,592 yards for the 12-minute run.

c. The teacher wants to determine whether the 15-year-old boys in the school district differ, on average, from the boys’ national norm of 23 push ups.

d. The teacher wants to determine whether the 15-year-old girls in the school district differ, on average, from the girls’ national norm of 18 push ups.

e. The teacher wants to determine whether the 16-year-old boys in the school district differ, on average, from the boys’ national norm of 7 pull ups.

f. The teacher wants to determine whether the 16-year-old girls in the school district differ, on average, from the girls’ national norm of 33 sit ups.

g. The teacher wants to determine whether the 16-year-old boys in the school district differ, on average, from the boys’ national norm of a standing long jump of 84 inches.