Undergraduate psychology majors frequently obtain a variety of research experiences. Bowman and Waite (2003) conducted an investigation to find out if the type of research participation had an effect on student satisfaction. College students engaged in one type of research experience (volunteer in a research study, mass testing, or writing a research paper) and then completed a research satisfaction questionnaire. Bowman and Waite recorded the satisfaction scores and carried out an analysis on the three satisfaction means.

1. Which statistical test seems most appropriate for the statistical analyses?

a. t test for one sample

b. t test for two independent samples

c. t test for two related samples

d. t test for a correlation coefficient

e. One-factor F-test

f. Two-factor F-test

g. Repeated-measures F test

h. One-variable χ² test

i. Two-variable χ² test

A paragraph from their results section is shown below. Use the information presented in this paragraph to answer questions 2 to 7. LSD refers to Fisher’s least significant difference test. Fisher’s LSD test is a multiple comparison test procedure that is similar to the Tukey’s HSD test that is discussed in your textbook. (In the direct quote below, this multiple comparison test is referred to as a “post hoc” test.)

We found significant differences in student satisfaction by type of research (volunteering in a research study, mass testing, or paper) using a one-way ANOVA, F(2, 517) = 8.14, p < .01. Post hoc LSD tests revealed that students who participated as a volunteer in a research study were more satisfied than both those who participated in mass testing and those engaged in the paper-writing activity.

2. Degrees of freedom between groups was equal to ___.

3. Degrees of freedom within groups was equal to ___.

4. Total degrees of freedom is equal to ___.

5. How many students provided data for the analysis?

6. The obtained F value was equal to ___.

7. With a significance level of .01, critical F is equal to ___.