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business
understanding management
Understanding Healthcare Financial Management 5th Edition Louis C. Gapenski - Solutions
Explain both the mechanics and rationale of a health savings account(HSA).
Briefly, describe the following payment methods:a. Cost basedb. Charge based and discounted chargesc. Per procedured. Per diagnosise. Per diemf. Global g. Capitation
What is the major difference between fee-for-service reimbursement and capitation?
What provider incentives are created under each of the payment methods previously listed?
Which of these payment methods carry the least risk for providers?The most risk? Explain your answer.
What reimbursement methods do private insurers commonly use?
What is the inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS), and how does it work?
What is the outpatient prospective payment system (OPPS), and how does it work?
What are Quality Review Organizations (QROs)?
What does MedPAC stand for, and what is its purpose?
What reimbursement methodology is unique to managed care plans?
What is cost shifting?
Will providers be able to continue to cost shift in the future?
What is case mix management?
What is compounding? What is interest on interest?
How does the present value of an amount to be received in the future change as the time is extended and as the interest rate increases?
What is the difference between an ordinary annuity and an annuity due?
What is a perpetuity?
What happens to the value of a perpetuity when interest rates increase or decrease?
Describe how present values of uneven cash flow streams are calculated using a regular calculator. Using a spreadsheet.
What is meant by net present value (NPV)?
What does the term “ROI” mean?
Why is semiannual compounding better than annual compounding from an investor’s standpoint?
How does the effective annual rate differ from the stated (nominal)rate?
Do the principal and interest components remain constant over time?Explain your answer.
Define the stated rate, the periodic rate, and the effective annual rate.
How are these three rates related?
Can you think of a situation where all three of these rates are the same?
What is a generic definition of risk?
Explain the general concept of financial risk.
What does “risk aversion” mean?
What is a probability distribution?
What is stand-alone risk?
What is a portfolio of investments?
What happens to the risk of a single investment when it is held as part of a portfolio of investments?
Explain the differences between stand-alone risk, diversifiable risk, and portfolio risk.
Why should all investors hold portfolios of investments rather than individual investments?
Is standard deviation the appropriate risk measure for an individual investment?
Is standard deviation the appropriate risk measure for an investor’s portfolio of investments? Explain your answer.
A project in a for-profit business is held as part of what two portfolios?
What is a corporate beta, and how is it determined?
What is a market beta, and how is it determined?
What is the difference between a project’s market beta and the business’s, or stock’s, market beta?
How is the beta of a portfolio related to the individual betas of the investments that make up the portfolio?
Explain the situations in which each of the risk types—stand-alone, corporate, and market—are relevant.
How are risk measures interpreted?
What is the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM)?
Write out the equation for the Security Market Line (SML) and graph it.
What are the pros and cons regarding the Capital Asset Pricing Model(CAPM)?
How do interest rates serve to allocate debt capital among borrowers?
What happens to the market-clearing, or equilibrium, interest rate when the loan demand changes?
Describe the primary features of the following long-term debt securities:a. Corporate bondb. First mortgage bond; junior mortgagec. Debenture; subordinated debenture
How might a hospital that expects to have a temporary cash shortage during the coming year make sure that needed funds will be available?
What are some types of current assets that might be pledged as security for short-term loans?
Describe the following debt contract features:a. Restrictive covenantb. Trusteec. Call provisiond. Sinking fund
What is the difference between technical default and “regular”default?
What impact does a call provision have on an issue’s interest rate?
How do sinking fund provisions differ from call provisions?
What does “credit enhancement” mean?
Why would not-for-profit healthcare issuers seek bond insurance?
What is the difference between the real risk-free rate (RRF) and the risk-free rate (RF)?
Do the interest rates on Treasury securities include a default risk premium (DRP)? A liquidity premium (LP)? A price risk premium(PRP)? Explain your answer.
Does the default risk premium incorporate only the probability of default? Explain your answer.
What is the difference between a normal yield curve and an abnormal one?
What are the general features of preferred stock?
Should preferred stock be considered as equity or debt financing?Explain your answer.
What are the tax advantages to purchasers of preferred stock?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of preferred stock financing?
Name several types of classified stock and explain their uses.
Briefly, what are employee stock purchase plans?
What is a dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP)?
What is the difference between selling HCA shares in the primary market and selling the firm’s shares in the secondary market?
What are some of the considerations involved in the decision to list a stock?
What are the key features of securities markets regulation?
What types of decisions must be made by the issuer and its investment banker?
What is the difference between an underwritten and a best efforts issue?
What are the sources of equity (fund capital) to not-for-profit businesses?
Under what conditions can it be used?
What is meant by a bond’s yield to maturity (YTM)? By its yield to call (YTC)?
Differentiate between price risk and reinvestment rate risk.
What is a perpetual preferred stock and how is it valued?
How are nonperpetual preferred stocks valued?
What are three potential methods for valuing common stocks, and when does each apply?
Explain the key features of the nonconstant growth model.
Briefly, what is the Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH)?
Explain the meaning of the term risk/return trade-off.
How do per procedure payment terms differ from conventional terms?
What is the difference between a tax-oriented lease and a non-tax-oriented lease?
What are some provisions that would make a lease non-tax-oriented?
Why is lease financing sometimes called off-balance-sheet financing?
How are leases accounted for in a business’s financial statements?
What is the economic interpretation of the net advantage to leasing?
What is the economic interpretation of a lease’s internal rate of return(IRR)?
Do larger residual values favor owning over leasing? Explain.
What is the basic concept of the corporate cost of capital?
Should the component costs be estimated on a before-tax or an after-tax basis?
Should the component cost estimates reflect historical or marginal costs?
What does Hamada’s equation attempt to do when it is used in the cost of equity estimation process?
What is the general formula for the corporate cost of capital?
What is the primary difference between the corporate costs of capital for investor-owned and not-for-profit firms?
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