Whiplash injuries during an automobile accident are caused by the inertia of the head. If someone is wearing a seatbelt, her body will tend to move with the car seat. However, her head is free to move until the neck restrains it, causing damage to the neck. Brain damage can also occur. 

Figure P4.1 shows two sequences of head and neck motion for a passenger in an auto accident. One corresponds to a head- on collision, the other to a rear-end collision. Which is which? Explain.

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(a) (b) FIGURE P4.1 Time