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physics
college physics a strategic approach 2nd
Questions and Answers of
College Physics A Strategic Approach 2nd
The femur (upper leg bone) is the longest and strongest bone in the body. Taking a typical femur to be approximately circular in cross-section with a radius of \(2.0 \mathrm{~cm}\), how much force
By how much should the pressure on a liter of water be changed to compress it by \(0.10 \%\)?THINKING IT THROUGH. Similarly to the fractional change in length, \(\Delta L / L_{o}\), the fractional
Suppose you are getting ready to take a nap, and you have a choice of lying stretched out on your back on (a) a bed of nails, (b) a hardwood floor, or (c) a couch. Which one would you choose for the
(a) What is the total pressure on the back of a scuba diver in a lake at a depth of \(8.00 \mathrm{~m}\) ? (b) What is the force on the diver's back due to the water alone? (Take the surface of the
A garage lift has input and lift (output) pistons with diameters of 10 and \(30 \mathrm{~cm}\), respectively. The lift is used to hold up a car with a weight of \(1.4 \times 10^{4} \mathrm{~N}(3150
Consider a hospital patient who receives an IV (intravenous) injection under gravity flow, as shown in Figure 9.12. If the blood gauge pressure in the vein is \(20.0 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}\), above
A spherical helium-filled weather balloon has a radius of \(1.10 \mathrm{~m}\). (a) Does the buoyant force on the balloon depend on (1) the density of helium, (2) the density of air, or (3) the
Air is a fluid and our bodies displace air. And so, a buoyant force is acting on each of us. Estimate the magnitude of the buoyant force on a \(75-\mathrm{kg}\) person due to the air
A container of water with an overflow tube, similar to that shown in Figure 9.14b, sits on a scale that reads \(40 \mathrm{~N}\). The water level is just below the exit tube in the side of the
A uniform solid cube of material \(10.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) on each side has a mass of \(700 \mathrm{~g}\).(a) Will the cube float in water?(b) If so, how much of its volume would be submerged?THINKING IT
High cholesterol in the blood can cause fatty deposits called plaques to form on the walls of blood vessels. Suppose a plaque reduces the effective radius of an artery by \(25 \%\). How does this
Blood flows at a rate of \(5.00 \mathrm{~L} / \mathrm{min}\) through an aorta with a radius of \(1.00 \mathrm{~cm}\). What is the speed of blood flow in the aorta?THINKING IT THROUGH. It is noted
A cylindrical tank containing water has a small hole punched in its side below the water level, and water runs out (Figure 9.21). What is the approximate initial flow rate of water out of the tank in
The pressure on an elastic body is described by (a) a modulus, (b) work, (c) stress, (d) strain.
Shear moduli are not zero for (a) solids, (b) liquids, (c) gases, (d) all of these,
A relative measure of deformation is (a) a modulus, (b) work, (c) stress, (d) strain.
The volume stress for the bulk modulus is (a) \(\Delta p\), (b) \(\Delta V\), (c) \(V_{0}\), (d) \(\Delta V / V_{\mathrm{o}}\).
For a liquid in an open container, the absolute pressure at any depth depends on (a) atmospheric pressure,(b) liquid density, (c) acceleration due to gravity, (d) all of the preceding.
For the pressure-depth relationship for a fluid \((p=ho g h)\) it is assumed that (a) the pressure decreases with depth, (b) a pressure difference depends on the reference point, (c) the fluid
When measuring automobile tire pressure, what type of pressure is this: (a) gauge, (b) absolute, (c) atmospheric, or (d) all of the preceding?
A wood block floats in a swimming pool. The buoyant force exerted on the block by water depends on (a) the volume of water in the pool, (b) the volume of the wood block, (c) the volume of the wood
If a submerged object displaces an amount of liquid of greater weight than its own and is then released, the object will (a) rise to the surface and float, (b) sink, (c) remain in equilibrium at its
A rock is thrown into a lake. While sinking, the buoyant force (a) is zero, (b) decreases, (c) increases, (d) remains constant.
A glass containing an ice cube is filled to the brim and the cube floats on the surface. When the ice cube melts, (a) water will spill over the sides of the glass, (b) the water level decreases, (c)
Comparing an object's average density \(\left(ho_{\mathrm{o}}\right)\) to that of a fluid \(\left(ho_{\mathrm{f}}\right)\). What is the condition for the object to sink:(a) \(ho_{\mathrm{o}}
An ideal fluid is not (a) steady, (b) compressible, (c) irrotational, (d) nonviscous.
Bernoulli's equation is based primarily on (a) Newton's laws, (b) conservation of momentum, (c) conservation of mass, (d) conservation of energy.
Water droplets and soap bubbles tend to assume the shape of a sphere. This effect is due to (a) viscosity, (b) surface tension, (c) laminar flow, (d) none of the preceding.
Some insects can walk on water because (a) the density of water is greater than that of the insect, (b) water is viscous, (c) water has surface tension, (d) none of the preceding.
The viscosity of a fluid is due to (a) forces causing friction between the molecules, (b) surface tension, (c) density, (d) none of the preceding.
Why are scissors sometimes called shears? Is this a descriptive name in the physical sense?
Ancient stonemasons sometimes split huge blocks of rock by inserting wooden pegs into holes drilled in the rock and then pouring water on the pegs. Can you explain the physics that underlies this
Figure \(\mathbf{9 . 2 5}\) shows a famous "bed of nails" trick. The woman stands on a bed of nails and the nails do not pierce her feet.
Automobile tires are inflated to about \(30 \mathrm{lb} / \mathrm{in}^{2}\), whereas thin bicycle tires are inflated to 90 to \(115 \mathrm{lb} / \mathrm{in}^{2}\) - at least three times as much
A type of water dispenser for pets contains an inverted plastic bottle, as shown in Figure 9.27. When a certain amount of water is drunk from the bowl, more water flows automatically from the bottle
A heavy object is dropped into a lake. As it descends below the surface, does the pressure on it increase? Does the buoyant force on the object increase?
Two blocks of equal volume, one iron, and one aluminum, are dropped into a body of water. Which block will experience the greater buoyant force? Why?
The speed of blood flow is greater in arteries than in capillaries. However, the flow rate equation \((A v=\) constant) seems to predict that the speed should be greater in the smaller capillaries.
A car traveling at 5.0 m/s speeds up to 10 m/s, with an increase in kinetic energy that requires work W1. Then the car’s speed increases from 10 to 15 m/s, requiring additional work W2. Which of
The following is an old trick (Figure 4.28). When the cardboard is pulled quickly, the coil falls into the glass. Why?
An \(80-\mathrm{kg}\) person stands on one foot with the heel elevated ( Figure 4.17a). This gives rise to a tibia force \(F_{1}\) and an Achilles tendon "pull" force \(F_{2}\) as illustrated in
(a) In Figure 4.21, if the coefficient of static friction between the \(40.0-\mathrm{kg}\) crate and the floor is 0.650 , what is the magnitude of the minimum horizontal force the worker must pull to
Two vectors are given by \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}=4.0 \hat{\mathbf{x}}-2.0 \hat{\mathbf{y}}\) and \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}=1.0 \hat{\mathbf{x}}+5.0 \hat{\mathbf{y}}\). What is (a)
Given two displacement vectors, \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{A}}\), with a magnitude of \(8.0 \mathrm{~m}\) in a direction \(45^{\circ}\) below the \(+x\)-axis, and \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{B}}\),
A wheel rolls uniformly on level ground without slipping. A piece of mud on the wheel flies off when it is at the 9 o'clock position (rear of the wheel). Describe the subsequent motion of the mud.
A torque of \(18 \mathrm{~m} \cdot \mathrm{N}\) is required to loosen a bolt. If a force of \(50 \mathrm{~N}\) is applied, what should be the minimum length of the wrench?
How many different positions of stable equilibrium and unstable equilibrium are there for a cube? Consider each surface, edge, and corner to be a different position.
A uniform meterstick pivoted at its center, as in Example 8.5, has a \(100-\mathrm{g}\) mass suspended at the \(25.0-\mathrm{cm}\) position. (a) At what position should a \(75.0-\mathrm{g}\) mass be
The location of a person's center of gravity relative to his or her height can be found by using the arrangement shown in \(abla\) Figure \(\mathbf{8 . 3 4}\). The scales are initially adjusted to
If four metersticks were stacked on a table with \(10 \mathrm{~cm}, 15 \mathrm{~cm}, 30 \mathrm{~cm}\), and \(50 \mathrm{~cm}\), respectively, hanging over the edge, as shown in \(\boldsymbol Figure
In pure rotational motion of a rigid body, (a) all the particles of the body have the same angular velocity, (b) all the particles of the body have the same tangential velocity, (c) acceleration is
For an object with only rotational motion, all particles of the object have the same (a) instantaneous velocity, (b) average velocity, (c) distance from the axis of rotation, (d) instantaneous
The condition for rolling without slipping is (a) \(a_{\mathrm{c}}=r \omega^{2}\), (b) \(v_{\mathrm{CM}}=r \omega\), (c) \(F=m a\), (d) \(a_{\mathrm{c}}=v^{2} / r\).
A rolling object (a) has an axis of rotation through the axis of symmetry, (b) has a zero velocity at the point or line of contact, (c) will slip if \(s=r \theta\), (d) all of the preceding.
For the tires on your rolling, but skidding car, (a) \(v_{\mathrm{CM}}=r \omega\), (b) \(v_{\mathrm{CM}}>r \omega\), (c) \(v_{\mathrm{CM}}
It is possible to have a net torque when (a) all forces act through the axis of rotation, (b) \(\sum \overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}_{i}=0\), (c) an object is in rotational equilibrium, (d) an object
If an object in stable equilibrium is displaced slightly, (a) there will be a restoring force or torque, (b) the object returns to its original equilibrium position, (c) its center of gravity still
Torque has the same units as (a) work, (b) force, (c) angular velocity, (d) angular acceleration.
The moment of inertia of a rigid body (a) depends on the axis of rotation, (b) cannot be zero, (c) depends on mass distribution, (d) all of the preceding.
Which of the following best describes the physical quantity called torque: (a) rotational analogue of force, (b) energy due to rotation, (c) rate of change of linear momentum, or (d) force that is
In general, the moment of inertia is greater when (a) more mass is farther from the axis of rotation, (b) more mass is closer to the axis of rotation, (c) it makes no difference.
A solid sphere (radius \(R\) ) and a solid cylinder (radius \(R\) ) with equal masses are released simultaneously from the top of a frictionless inclined plane. Then, (a) the sphere reaches the
The moment of inertia about an axis parallel to the axis through the center of mass depends on (a) the mass of the rigid body, (b) the distance between the axes, (c) the moment of inertia about the
From \(W=\tau \theta\), the unit of rotational work is the (a) watt, (b) \(\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\), (c) \(\mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{rad} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\), (d) \(\mathrm{N} \cdot
A bowling ball rolls without slipping on a flat surface. The ball has (a) rotational kinetic energy, (b) translational kinetic energy, (c) both translational and rotational kinetic energy, (d)
The angular momentum may be increased by (a) increasing the moment of inertia, (b) increasing the angular velocity, (c) increasing both the moment of inertia and the angular velocity.
The units of angular momentum are (a) \(\mathrm{N} \cdot \mathrm{m}\), (b) \(\mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\), (c) \(\mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} / \mathrm{s},
Suppose someone in your physics class says that it is possible for a rigid body to have translational motion and rotational motion at the same time. Would you agree?
For a rolling cylinder, what would happen if the tangential speed \(v\) were less than \(r \omega\)? Is it possible for \(v\) to be greater than \(r \omega\)?
A force can produce torque. Will a large force always produce a larger torque?
If an object is in mechanical equilibrium, what conditions must be satisfied?
(a) Does the moment of inertia of a rigid body depend in any way on the center of mass of the body?(b) Can a moment of inertia have a negative value? If so, explain what this would mean.
Why does the moment of inertia of a rigid body have different values for different axes of rotation? What does this mean physically?
Tightrope walkers are continually in danger of falling (unstable equilibrium). Commonly, a performer carries a long pole while walking the tight rope, as shown in the chapter-opening photo. What is
Can you increase the rotational kinetic energy of a wheel without changing its translational kinetic energy?
In order to produce fuel-efficient vehicles, automobile manufacturers want to minimize rotational kinetic energy and maximize translational kinetic energy when a car is traveling. If you were the
A child stands on the edge of a rotating playground merry-go-round (the hand-driven type). He then starts to walk toward the center of the merry-go-round. This can result in a dangerous situation.
The release of vast amounts of carbon dioxide may result in an increase in the Earth's average temperature through the so-called greenhouse effect and cause melting of the polar ice caps. If this
In the classroom demonstration illustrated in Figure 8.30, a person on a rotating stool holds a rotating bicycle wheel by handles attached to the wheel. When the wheel is held horizontally, she
A cylinder rolls on a horizontal surface without slipping with a constant speed of \(v\). (a) At any point in time, the tangential speed of the top of the cylinder is (1) \(v\), (2) \(r \omega\), (3)
In the human body torques produced by the contraction of muscles cause some bones to rotate at joints. For example, when you lift something with your forearm, a torque is applied to the lower arm by
A person bends over as shown in Figure 8.5. For most of us, the center of gravity of the human body is in or near the chest region. When bending over, the force of gravity on the person's upper
A picture hangs motionless on a wall as shown in Figure 8.7a. If the picture has a mass of \(3.0 \mathrm{~kg}\), what are the magnitudes of the tension forces in the wires?THINKING IT THROUGH. Since
Three masses are suspended from a meterstick as shown in Figure 8.8a. How much mass must be suspended on the right side for the system to be in static equilibrium? (Neglect the mass of the
A ladder with a mass of \(15 \mathrm{~kg}\) rests against a smooth wall ( \(\triangle\) Figure 8.9a). A painter who has a mass of \(78 \mathrm{~kg}\) stands on the ladder as shown in the figure. What
Uniform, identical bricks \(20 \mathrm{~cm}\) long are stacked so that \(4.0 \mathrm{~cm}\) of each brick extends beyond the brick beneath, as shown in Figure 8.14a. How many bricks can be stacked in
Find the moment of inertia about the axis indicated for each of the one-dimensional dumbbell configurations in Figure 8.16. (Neglect the mass of the connecting bar and give your answers to three
A student opens a uniform 12 -kg door by applying a constant force of \(40 \mathrm{~N}\) at a perpendicular distance of \(0.90 \mathrm{~m}\) from the hinges ( Figure 8.19). If the door is \(2.0
A block of mass \(m\) hangs from a string wrapped around a frictionless, disk-shaped pulley of mass \(M\) and radius \(R\), as shown in - Figure 8.20. If the block descends from rest under the
The string of a yo-yo sitting on a level surface is pulled as shown in Figure 8.21. Will the yo-yo roll (a) toward the person or (b) away from the person? F Instantaneous axis of rotation
A uniform, solid \(1.0-\mathrm{kg}\) cylinder rolls without slipping at a speed of \(1.8 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\) on a flat surface. (a) What is the total kinetic energy of the cylinder? (b) What
A uniform cylindrical hoop is released from rest at a height of \(0.25 \mathrm{~m}\) near the top of an inclined plane ( Figure 8.23). If the hoop rolls down the plane without slipping and no energy
A small ball at the end of a string that passes through a tube is swung in a circle, as illustrated in Figure 8.24. When the string is pulled downward through the tube, the angular speed of the ball
Real-life situations are generally complicated, but some can be approximately analyzed by using simple models. Such a model for a skater's spin is shown in \(\square\) Figure 8.26, with a cylinder
The radian unit is a ratio of (a) degree/time, (b) length, (c) length/length, and (d) length/time.
For the polar coordinates of a particle traveling in a circle, the variables are (a) both r and θ, (b) only r, (c) only θ, and (d) none of the preceding.
Which of the following is the greatest angle: (a) 3π/2 rad, (b) 5π/8 rad, or (c) 220°?
Viewed from above, a turntable rotates counterclockwise. The angular velocity vector is then (a) tangential to the turntable’s rim, (b) out of the plane of the turntable, (c) counterclockwise, (d)
The frequency unit of hertz is equivalent to (a) that of the period, (b) that of the cycle, (c) radian/s, (d) s−1.
The unit of angular speed is (a) rad, (b) s−1 (c) s, (d) rad/rpm.
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