Some memory systems handle TLB misses in software (as an exception), while others use hardware for TLB misses.

a. What are the trade-offs between these two methods for handling TLB misses?

b. Will TLB miss handling in software always be slower than TLB miss handling in hardware? Explain.

c. Are there page table structures that would be difficult to handle in hardware but possible in software? Are there any such structures that would be difficult for software to handle but easy for hardware to manage?

d. Why are TLB miss rates for floating-point programs generally higher than those for integer programs?