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Questions and Answers of Computer Networking

What is the role of the radio layer in Bluetooth?
Both the IP protocol and the 802.11 project fragment their packets. IP fragments a datagram at the network layer; 802.11 fragments a frame at the datalink layer. Compare and contrast the two
What is the actual bandwidth used for communication in a Bluetooth network?
In an 802.11 communication, the size of the payload (frame body) is 1200 bytes. The station decides to fragment the frame into three fragments, each of 400 payload bytes. Answer the following
Can a piconet have more than eight stations? Explain.
Do some research and find out how flow and error control are accomplished in an 802.11 network using the DCF MAC sublayer.
Compare a piconet and a scatternet in the Bluetooth architecture.
A BSS ID (BSSID) is a 48-bit address assigned to a BSS in an 802.11 network. Do some research and find what the use of the BSSID is and how BSSIDs are assigned in ad hoc and infrastructure networks.
What is the reason that Bluetooth is normally called a wireless personal area network (WPAN) instead of a wireless local area network (WLAN)?
In Figure 15.25 (previous problem), assume that the host with IP address 24.12.10.3 needs to send an IP datagram to the host with IP address 128.41.23.12 somewhere in the world (not shown in the
An AP in a wireless network plays the same role as a link-layer switch in a wired network. However, a link-layer switch has no MAC address, but an AP normally needs a MAC address. Explain the reason.
Assume two 802.11 wireless networks are connected to the rest of the Internet via a router as shown in Figure 15.25. The router has received an IP datagram with the destination IP address 24.12.7.1
An AP may connect a wireless network to a wired network. Does the AP need to have two MAC addresses in this case?
Assume a frame moves from a wireless network using the 802.11 protocol to a wired network using the 802.3 protocol. Show how the field values in the 802.3 frame are filled with the values of the
Do the MAC addresses used in an 802.3 (Wired Ethernet) and the MAC addresses used in an 802.11 (Wireless Ethernet) belong to two different address spaces?
Assume that a frame moves from a wired network using the 802.3 protocol to a wireless network using the 802.11 protocol. Show how the field values in the 802.11 frame are filled with the values of
Write and test a program to simulate the flow diagram of CSMA/CA in Figure 12.15. Figure 12.15 Flow diagram of CSMA/CA Station has a frame to send K = 0 Legend K: Number of attempts T: Backoff
Explain why we have only one frame type in a wired LAN, but four frame types in a wireless LAN.
Repeat the previous problem (Figure 15.24), but assume that the distribution system is also wireless. AP1 is connected to AP2 through a wireless channel. Show the value of addresses in all
Write and test a program to simulate the flow diagram of CSMA/CD in Figure 12.13. Figure 12.13 Flow diagram for the CSMA/CD Station has a frame to send K= 0 Legend T Frame average transmission
Explain why fragmentation is recommended in a wireless LAN.
In Figure 15.24, two wireless networks, BSS1 and BSS2, are connected through a wired distribution system (DS), an Ethernet LAN. Assume station A in BSS1 needs to send a data frame to station C in
Write and test a program that simulates the bit stuffing and bit unstuffing as shown in Figure 11.4. Figure 11.4 Bit stuffing and unstuffing Data from upper layer 0001111111001111101000 Stuffed
What are some reasons that CSMA/CD cannot be used in a wireless LAN?
In a BSS with no AP (ad hoc network), we have five stations: A, B, C, D, and E. Station A needs to send a message to station B. Answer the following questions for the situation where the network is
Write and test a program that simulates the byte stuffing and byte unstuffing as shown in Figure 11.2. Figure 11.2 Byte stuffing and unstuffing Data from upper layer Flag ESC Sent frame Stuffed
What is multipath propagation? What is its effect on wireless networks?
In an 802.11, give the value of the address 4 field in each of the following situations (left bit defines To DS and right bit defines From DS).a. 00b. 01c. 10d. 11
A program to simulate the calculation of Adler checksum.
Why is SNR in a wireless LAN normally lower than SNR in a wired LAN?
In an 802.11, give the value of the address 3 field in each of the following situations (left bit defines To DS and right bit defines From DS).a. 00b. 01c. 10d. 11
A program to simulate the calculation of Fletcher checksum.
Explain why there is more attenuation in a wireless LAN than in a wired LAN, ignoring the noise and the interference.
In an 802.11, give the value of the address 2 field in each of the following situations (left bit defines To DS and right bit defines From DS).a. 00b. 01c. 10d. 11
A program to simulate the calculation of traditional checksum.
Explain why the MAC protocol is more important in wireless LANs than in wired LANs.
In an 802.11, give the value of the address 1 field in each of the following situations (left bit defines To DS and right bit defines From DS).a. 00b. 01c. 10d. 11
A program to simulate the calculation of CRC.
Compare the medium of a wired LAN with that of a wireless LAN in today’s communication environment.
How many virtual connections can be defined in a UNI? How many virtual connections can be defined in an NNI?
Name the ATM layers and their functions.
How is an ATM virtual connection identified?
What is the relationship between TPs, VPs, and VCs?
How does an NNI differ from a UNI?
Why is multiplexing more efficient if all the data units are the same size?
In ATM, what is the relationship between TPs, VPs, and VCs?
What is a virtual tributary?
Discuss the functions of each SONET layer.
What is the minimum number of cells resulting from an input packet in the AAL5 layer? What is the maximum number of cells resulting from an input packet?
What are the four SONET layers?
A stream of data is being carried by STS-1 frames. If the data rate of the stream is 49.530 Mbps, how many frames per second should leave one empty byte after the H3 byte?
What is the function of a SONET regenerator?
A stream of data is being carried by STS-1 frames. If the data rate of the stream is 49.540 Mbps, how many STS-1 frames per second must let their H3 bytes carry data?
Why is SONET called a synchronous network?
Show how STS-9s can be multiplexed to create an STS-36. Is there any extra overhead involved in this type of multiplexing?
What is the purpose of the pointer in the line overhead?
What are the user data rates of STS-3, STS-9, and STS-12?
What is the relationship between STS signals and OC signals?
What type of topology is used when customers in an area use DSL modems for data transfer purposes? Explain.
How is an STS multiplexer different from an add/drop multiplexer since both can add signals together?
What type of topology is used when customers in an area use cable modems for data transfer purposes? Explain.
What is the relationship between STS and STM?
What type of topology is used when customers in an area use DSL modems for data transfer purposes? Explain.
What is the relationship between SONET and SDH?
Repeat Problem P14-7 using a cable modem (consider the minimum rates).Problem P14-7Calculate the minimum time required to download one million bytes of information using a 56K modem.
Distinguish between CM and CMTS.
Repeat Problem P14-7 using ADSL implementations (consider the minimum rates).Problem P14-7Calculate the minimum time required to download one million bytes of information using a 56K modem.
How is data transfer achieved using CATV channels?
Calculate the minimum time required to download one million bytes of information using a 56K modem.
Compare and contrast a traditional cable network with a hybrid fiber-coaxial network.
Draw a bar chart to compare the different downloading data rates of common DSL technology implementations (use minimum data rates).
What is DSL technology? What are the services provided by the telephone companies using DSL? Distinguish between a DSL modem and a DSLAM.
Draw a bar chart to compare the different downloading data rates of common modems.
What is dial-up modem technology? List some of the common modem standards discussed in this chapter and give their data rates.
When we have an overseas telephone conversation, we sometimes experience a delay. Can you explain the reason?
What are the two major services provided by telephone companies in the United States?
In Chapter 8, we learned that a circuit-switched network needs end-to-end addressing during the setup and teardown phases. Define end-to-end addressing in a telephone network when two parties
Describe the SS7 service and its relation to the telephone network.
In Chapter 8, we discussed the three communication phases involved in a circuit-switched network. Match these phases with the phases in a telephone call between two parties.
What is LATA? What are intra-LATA and inter-LATA services?
Using the discussion of circuit-switching in Chapter 8, explain why this type of switching was chosen for telephone networks.
What are the three major components of a telephone network?
Repeat Problem P13-8 for a 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN.Problem P13-8In a Standard Ethernet LAN, the average size of a frame is 1000 bytes. If a noise of 2 ms occurs on the LAN, how many frames are
Repeat Problem P13-8 for a Gigabit Ethernet LAN.Problem P13-8In a Standard Ethernet LAN, the average size of a frame is 1000 bytes. If a noise of 2 ms occurs on the LAN, how many frames are destroyed?
What is the relationship between a switch and a bridge?
Repeat Problem P13-8 for a Fast Ethernet LAN.Problem P13-8In a Standard Ethernet LAN, the average size of a frame is 1000 bytes. If a noise of 2 ms occurs on the LAN, how many frames are destroyed?
What are the advantages of dividing an Ethernet LAN with a bridge?
In a Standard Ethernet LAN, the average size of a frame is 1000 bytes. If a noise of 2 ms occurs on the LAN, how many frames are destroyed?
What is the difference between unicast, multicast, and broadcast addresses?
Suppose you are to design a LAN for a company that has 100 employees, each given a desktop computer attached to the LAN. What should be the data rate of the LAN if the typical use of the LAN is shown
How is the preamble field different from the SFD field?
Suppose the length of a 10Base5 cable is 2500 m. If the speed of propagation in a thick coaxial cable is 200,000,000 m/s, how long does it take for a bit to travel from the beginning to the end of
What are the common 10 Gigabit implementations?
What is the ratio of useful data to the entire packet for the smallest Ethernet frame?
What are the common Gigabit Ethernet implementations?
An Ethernet MAC sublayer receives 42 bytes of data from the upper layer. How many bytes of padding must be added to the data?
What are the common Fast Ethernet implementations?
If an Ethernet destination address is 07:01:02:03:04:05, what is the type of the address (unicast, multicast, or broadcast)?
What are the common Standard Ethernet implementations?
How does the Ethernet address 1A:2B:3C:4D:5E:6F appear on the line in binary?

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