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computer science
computer networking

Questions and Answers of Computer Networking

Explain how DHCP can be used when the size of the block assigned to an organization is less than the number of hosts in the organization.
Show the n leftmost bits of the following network-addresses/masks that can be used in a forwarding table.a. 170.40.11.0/24b. 110.40.240.0/22c. 70.14.0.0./18
Each of the following addresses belongs to a block. Find the first and the last address in each block.a. 14.12.72.8/24b. 200.107.16.17/18c. 70.110.19.17/16
In classless addressing, can two different blocks have the same prefix length? Explain.
Which of the following cannot be a mask in CIDR?a. 255.225.0.0b. 255.192.0.0c. 255.255.255.6
In classless addressing, we know the first address and the number of addresses in the block. Can we find the prefix length? If the answer is yes, show the process.
Change each of the following masks to a prefix length:a. 255.224.0.0b. 255.240.0.0c. 255.255.255.128
In classless addressing, we know the first and the last address in the block. Can we find the prefix length? If the answer is yes, show the process.
Change each of the following prefix lengths to a mask in dotted-decimal notation:a. N = 0b. N = 14c. N = 30
In Figure 18.10, assume that the link between R1 and R2 is upgraded to 170 kbps and the link between the source host and R1 is now downgraded to 140 kbps. What is the throughput between the source
In classless addressing, what is the value of the prefix length (n) if the size of the block (N) is one of the following?a. N = 1b. N = 1024c. N = 232
List four types of delays in a packet-switched network.
In classless addressing, what is the size of the block (N) if the value of the prefix length (n) is one of the following?a. N = 0b. N = 14c. N = 32
Do we have any of the following services at the network layer of TCP/IP? If not, why?a. flow controlb. error controlc. congestion control
In classless addressing, show the whole address space as a single block using the CIDR notation.
List the three phases in the virtual-circuit approach to switching.
Find the class of the following classful IP addresses:a. 01110111 11110011 10000111 11011101b. 11101111 11000000 11110000 00011101c. 11011111 10110000 00011111 01011101
If a label in a connection-oriented service is 8 bits, how many virtual circuits can be established at the same time?
Find the class of the following classful IP addresses:a. 130.34.54.12b. 200.34.2.1c. 245.34.2.8
What is the piece of information in a packet upon which the forwarding decision is made in each of the following approaches to switching?a. Datagram approachb. Virtual-circuit approach
A program to simulate the action of forwarding in a router given the routing table and the destination address of a packet. The program should find the outgoing user interface.
Rewrite the following IP addresses using dotted-decimal notation:a. 01011110 10110000 01110101 00010101b. 10001001 10001110 11010000 00110001c. 01010111 10000100 00110111 00001111
Distinguish between the process of routing a packet from the source to the destination and the process of forwarding a packet at each router.
A program to find the first and the last address in a block given any addresses in the block and assuming classless addressing.
Rewrite the following IP addresses using binary notation:a. 110.11.5.88b. 12.74.16.18c. 201.24.44.32
Why is routing the responsibility of the network layer? In other words, why can’t the routing be done at the transport layer or the data-link layer?
A program to find the class of a given address in dotted decimal notation.
What is the size of the address space in each of the following systems?a. A system in which each address is only 16 bits.b. A system in which each address is made of six hexadecimal digits.c. A
Why does the network-layer protocol need to provide packetizing service to the transport layer? Why can’t the transport layer send out the segments without encapsulating them in datagrams?
A program to change an address in any notation to two other notations.
Which one has more overhead, a hub or a switch? Explain your answer.
Which one has more overhead, a switch or a router? Explain your answer.
Assume that in Figure 17.6, switch S3 is selected as the root of the tree. Find the spanning tree and the forwarding and blocking port.Figure 17.6 Figure 17.6 A system of connected LANS and its graph
What do we mean when we say that a link-layer switch can filter traffic? Why is filtering important?
If the switch in Figure 17.3 is connected to a router to provide access to the Internet, does it need a link-layer address? Explain.Figure 17.3 Figure 17.3 Link-layer switch Switch Switching table
What is the basis for membership in a VLAN?
Does each port of the switch in Figure 17.3 need a link-layer address? Explain.Figure 17.3 Figure 17.3 Link-layer switch Switch Switching table Address Port 4 71:2B:13:45:61:41 71:2B:13:45:61:42 2
How does a VLAN reduce network traffic?
Find the spanning tree and the logical connection between the switches in Figure 17.14. Figure 17.14 Problem P17-7. Si LAN 1 LAN 2 LAN 3 S3
How does a VLAN provide extra security for a network?
Find the spanning tree and the logical connection between the switches in Figure 17.13. Figure 17.13 Problem P17-6. S1 LAN 1 S2 2 LAN 2 LAN 3 S3 LAN 4 S4
How does a VLAN save a company time and money?
In Figure 17.5, do we have a loop problem if we change each hub in the LANs to a link-layer switch?Figure 17.5 Figure 17.5 Loop problem in a learning switch a. Station A sends a frame to station D b.
What is the difference between a forwarding port and a blocking port?
In Figure 17.5, do we have a loop problem if we change the hub in one of the LANs to a link-layer switch?Figure 17.5 Figure 17.5 Loop problem in a learning switch a. Station A sends a frame to
How is a hub related to a repeater?
Repeat the steps in Figure 17.5 if host B in LAN1 sends a frame to host C in the same LAN.Figure 17.5 Figure 17.5 Loop problem in a learning switch a. Station A sends a frame to station D b. Both
What is a transparent switch?
Repeat the steps in Figure 17.5 if host F in LAN2 sends a frame to host B in LAN1.Figure 17.5 Figure 17.5 Loop problem in a learning switch a. Station A sends a frame to station D b. Both switches
What do we mean when we say that a switch can filter traffic? Why is filtering important?
How is a repeater different from an amplifier?
A switch uses a filtering table; a router uses a routing table. Can you explain the difference?
What is the main difference between Iridium and Globalstar?
What is the purpose of GPS?
Use Kepler’s law to check the accuracy of a given period and altitude for a Globalstar satellite.
Compare an uplink with a downlink.
Use Kepler’s law to check the accuracy of a given period and altitude for an Iridium satellite.
What is the relationship between the Van Allen belts and satellites?
Use Kepler’s law to check the accuracy of a given period and altitude for a GPS satellite.
What is a footprint?
How many slots are sent each second in a channel using D-AMPS? How many slots are sent by each user in 1 s?
Which type of orbit does a GEO satellite have? Explain your answer.
Guess the relationship between a 3-kHz voice channel and a 30-kHz modulated channel in a system using AMPS.
What are the three types of orbits?
Repeat Problem P16-9 for IS-95.Problem P16-9Find the efficiency of AMPS in terms of simultaneous calls per megahertz of bandwidth. In other words, find the number of calls that can be used in 1-MHz
What is the function of the CDMA in IS-95?
Repeat Problem P16-9 for GSM.Problem P16-9Find the efficiency of AMPS in terms of simultaneous calls per megahertz of bandwidth. In other words, find the number of calls that can be used in 1-MHz
What is GSM?
Repeat Problem P16-9 for D-AMPS.Problem P16-9Find the efficiency of AMPS in terms of simultaneous calls per megahertz of bandwidth. In other words, find the number of calls that can be used in 1-MHz
What is the relationship between D-AMPS and AMPS?
Find the efficiency of AMPS in terms of simultaneous calls per megahertz of bandwidth. In other words, find the number of calls that can be used in 1-MHz bandwidth allocation.
What is AMPS?
What is the maximum number of callers in each cell in an IS-95 system?
What is the difference between a hard handoff and a soft handoff?
What is the maximum number of simultaneous calls in each cell in a GSM, assuming no analog control channels?
Which is better, a low reuse factor or a high reuse factor? Explain your answer.
What is the maximum number of simultaneous calls in each cell in an IS-136 (D-AMPS) system, assuming no analog control channels?
What are the functions of a mobile switching center?
What is the maximum number of callers in each cell in AMPS?
What is the relationship between a base station and a mobile switching center?
Draw a cell pattern with a frequency-reuse factor of 3.
When we make a wireless Internet connection from our cellular phone, do we use fixed or mobile WiMAX?
Draw a cell pattern with a frequency-reuse factor of 5.
When we make a wireless Internet connection from our desktop at home, do we use fixed or mobile WiMAX?
In Figure 16.5, do we mean that downstream and upstream data are transmitting at the same time? Explain.Figure 16.5 Figure 16.5 WIMAX frame structure at the physical layer UR: Upstream reservation U;
Explain the differences between a fixed WiMAX and a mobile WiMAX.
Explain how bidirectional communication can be achieved using a frame in Figure 16.5. Figure 16.5
Figure 15.23 shows the frame format of the baseband layer in Bluetooth (802.15). Based on this format, answer the following questions:Figure 15.23a. What is the range of the address domain in a
Although an RTS frame defines the value of time that NAV can be effective for the rest of the session, why does the 802.11 project define that other frames used in the session should redefine the
An 802.11 network may use four different interframe spaces (IFSs) to delay the transmission of a frame in different situations. This allows low-priority traffic to wait for high-priority traffic when
What is the role of the L2CAP layer in Bluetooth?
In an 802.11 network, there are three stations, A, B, and C. Station C is hidden from A, but can be seen (electronically) by B. Now assume that station A needs to send data to station B. Since C is
What MAC protocol is used in the baseband layer of Bluetooth?
In an 802.11 network, three stations (A, B, and C) are contending to access the medium. The contention window for each station has 31 slots. Station A randomly picks up the first slot; station B
What is the modulation technique in the radio layer of Bluetooth? In other words, how are digital data (bits) changed to analog signals (radio waves)?
In an 802.11 network, station A sends two data fragments to station B. What would be the value of the D field (in microseconds) that needs to be set for the NAV period in each of the following
What is the spread spectrum technique used by Bluetooth?
In an 802.11 network, station A sends one data frame (not fragmented) to station B. What would be the value of the D field (in microseconds) that needs to be set for the NAV period in each of the
Fill in the blanks. The 83.5 MHz bandwidth in Bluetooth is divided into_____ channels, each of ______ MHz.
In an 802.11 network, assume station A has four fragments to send to station B. If the sequence number of the first fragment is selected as 3273, what are the values of the more fragment flag,

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