Questions and Answers of Essentials Of Computer Organization

Discuss the following questions relative to compilers: a. Which phase of a compiler would give you a syntax error? b. Which phase complains about undefined variables? c. If you try to add an
Describe the steps involved in performing a context switch.
Why is the execution environment of a Java class called a virtual machine? How does this virtual machine compare to a real machine running code written in C?
Besides process management, what are the other two important functions of an operating system?
Why do you suppose the method area of a JVM is global to all of the threads running in the virtual machine environment?
What is an overlay? Why are overlays no longer needed in large computer systems?
We stated that only one method at a time can be active within each thread running in the JVM. Why do you think this is the case?
The operating system and a user program hold two different perceptions of a virtual machine. Explain how they differ.
The Java bytecode for access to the local variable array for a class is at most 2 bytes long. One byte is used for the opcode; the other indicates the offset into the array. How many variables can be
What is the difference between a subsystem and a logical partition?
Java is called an interpreted language, yet Java is a compiled language that produces a binary output stream. Explain how this language can be both compiled and interpreted.
Name some advantages of server consolidation. Is server consolidation a good idea for every enterprise?
We stated that the performance of a Java program running in the JVM cannot possibly match that of a regular compiled language. Explain why this is so.
Describe the programming language hierarchy. Why is a triangle a suitable symbol for representing this hierarchy?
How does absolute code differ from relocatable code?
What is the purpose of a link editor? How is it different from a dynamic link library?
Describe the purpose of each phase of a compiler.
How does an interpreter differ from a compiler?
What is the salient feature of the Java programming language that provides for its portability across disparate hardware environments?
Assemblers produce machine code that is executable after it has been link edited. Java compilers produce that is interpreted during its execution.
What is a magic number that identifies a Java class file?
Which data structure is most commonly used to index databases?
Why are database reorganizations necessary?
Explain the ACID properties of a database system.
Database logs serve two purposes. What are they?
What services do transaction managers provide?
How is the organization of a polled network different from that of an internetwork?
In what way is the traffic of an early business computer network different from that of an early scientific-academic network? Is there such a distinction between these two types of systems today?
What are the principal causes of attenuation? What can help reduce it?
Discuss the pros and cons of using disk versus tape for backups.
Which RAID levels offer the best performance?
Suppose you have a 100GB database housed on a disk array that supports a transfer rate of 60MBps and a tape drive that supports 200GB cartridges with a transfer rate of 80MBps. How long will it take
What protocol device was the key to the robustness of DARPAnet?
Why is the ISO/OSI protocol stack called a reference model? Do you think this will always be the case?
How is a Network layer protocol different from a Transport layer protocol?
Who establishes standards for the Internet?
Internet protocol standards are devised through the efforts of thousands of people all over the world—regardless of their having any particular background in data communications. On the other hand,
What is the formal name given to Internet standards?
Which layer of the ISO/OSI Reference Model takes care of negotiating frame size and transmission speed?
The OSI protocol stack includes Session and Presentation layers in addition to its Application layer. TCP/IP applications, such as Telnet and FTP, have no such separate layers defined. Do you think
If a communications session were to employ encryption or compression, which layer of the ISO/OSI Reference Model would perform this service?
Why does the IETF use the word octet instead of byte? Do you think this practice should continue?
Why have certain types of IP addresses become scarce?
Into which class of networks do the following IP addresses fall?a) 180.265.14.3 b) 218.193.149.222 c) 92.146.292.7
Explain the general purpose of the TCP protocol.
Into which class of networks do the following IP addresses fall? a) 223.52.176.62 b) 127.255.255.2 c) 191.57.229.163
How does IPv6 improve upon IPv4?
What determines the quality of a transmission medium? What metric is used?
Two stations running TCP/IP are engaged in transferring a file. This file is 10KB long, the payload size is 100 bytes, and the negotiated window size is 2000 bytes. The sender receives an ACK 900
What is the difference between the baud rate and the bit rate of a line?
What problems would present themselves if TCP did not allow senders and receivers to negotiate a timeout window?
What are the three types of fiber-optic cable? Which of these can transmit signals the fastest?
IP is a connectionless protocol, whereas TCP is connection oriented. How can these two protocols coexist in the same protocol stack?
Where does one find a MAC address? How many bytes are in a MAC address?
Briefly describe how repeaters, hubs, switches, and routers differ from one another.
a) The signal power for a particular class of network wiring is 8733.26dB, and the noise rating at that particular signal strength at 100MHz is 41.8dB. Find the signal-to-noise ratio for this
What is the difference between a bridge and a gateway? Which one is faster and why?
When is it not a very good idea to use static routing?
Give two important ways in which link state routing differs from distance vector routing.
What are the three main problems that arise from distance vector routing?
In what ways does a firewall provide security?
In what ways is the Internet threatened?
What technology spawned the development of microcomputers? Why?
Subtract the following signed binary numbers as shown using two’s complement arithmetic. 01110101 a)-00111011 00110101 b) - 00001011 01101111 c) - 00010001
What is the difference between computer organization and computer architecture?
In what ways are hardware and software different? In what ways are they the same?
What is an ISA?
a) How many milliseconds (ms) are in 1 second? b) How many microseconds (μs) are in 1 second? c) How many nanoseconds (ns) are in 1 millisecond? d) How many microseconds are in 1 millisecond? e)
What is the importance of the principle of equivalence of hardware and software?
By what order of magnitude is something that runs in nanoseconds faster than something that runs in milliseconds?
Name the three basic components of every computer.
Pretend you are ready to buy a new computer for personal use. First, take a look at ads from various magazines and newspapers and list terms you don’t quite understand. Look up these terms and give
Makers of tablet computers continually work within narrow constraints on cost, power consumption, weight, and battery life. Describe what you feel would be the perfect tablet computer. How large
Pick your favorite computer language and write a small program. After compiling the program, see if you can determine the ratio of source code instructions to the machine language instructions
What unit is typically used to measure the speed of a computer clock?
What are the distinguishing features of tablet computers?
Briefly explain two breakthroughs in the history of computing.
Name two types of computer memory.
Would it be possible to fool people with an automaton like the Mechanical Turk today? If you were to try to create a Turk today, how would it differ from the eighteenth-century version?
What is the mission of the IEEE?
What is the full name of the organization that uses the initials ISO? Is ISO an acronym?
What circumstances helped the IBM PC become so successful?
ANSI is the acronym used by which organization?
List five applications of personal computers. Is there a limit to the applications of computers? Do you envision any radically different and exciting applications in the near future? If so, what?
What is the name of the Swiss organization that devotes itself to matters concerning telephony, telecommunications, and data communications?
In the von Neumann model, explain the purpose of the a) Processing unit b) Program counter
Who is known as the father of computing, and why?
Under the von Neumann architecture, a program and its data are both stored in memory. It is therefore possible for a program, thinking that a memory location holds a piece of data when it actually
What was the significance of the punched card?
Explain why modern computers consist of multiple levels of virtual machines.
Name two driving factors in the development of computers.
Explain the three main types of cloud computing platforms.
What is it about the transistor that made it such a great improvement over the vacuum tube?
What are the challenges facing organizations that wish to move to a cloud platform? What are the risks and benefits?
How does an integrated circuit differ from a transistor?
Does cloud computing eliminate all of an organization’s concerns about its computing infrastructure?
Explain the differences between SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI.
Explain what it means to “fetch” an instruction.
Read a popular local newspaper and search through the job openings. (You can also check some of the more popular online career sites.) Which jobs require specific hardware knowledge? Which jobs imply
What is meant by open architecture?

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