How different is mouse growth hormone from human growth hormone? Nucleotide sequences for the two genes are available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Web site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/. Perform a “Nucleotide” search for accession numbers NM_008117 and NM_000515. Scroll down to look at the mRNA sequences. You may wish to focus on a limited portion of the gene—say, the first 30 nucleotides.

Are there differences between the mouse mRNA and the human mRNA? How many differences are there? Now use the genetic code (Table 16.1) to translate the mRNA sequences into amino acids. Do the differences in mRNA sequences result in different amino acid sequences?

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First base TABLE 16.1 THE GENETIC CODE Second base A G UUU Phenylalanine UCU UUC (Phe) UAU Tyrosine UCC Serine UAC (Tyr) UGU Cysteine UGC (Cys) U C UUA Leucine UCA (Ser) UAA Stop UGA Stop A UUG (Leu) UCG UAG Stop UGG Tryptophan (Trp) G CUU CCU CAU Histidine CGU U CUC Leucine CCC Proline CAC (His) CGC Arginine C CUA | (Leu) CCA (Pro) CAA Glutamine CGA (Arg) CUG CCG CAG (Gin) CGG AUU AUC ACU AAU Asparagine AGU Serine Isoleucine A (lle) ACC Threonine AAC (Asn) AGC (Ser) AUA ACA (Thr) AAA Lysine AUG-Methionine or start AGA Arginine A ACG AAG (Lys) AGG (Arg) GUU GCU GAU Aspartic GGU U GUC Valine GCC Alanine GAC acid(Asp) GGC Glycine C GUA (Val) GCA (Ala) GAA Glutamic GGA (Gly) A GUG GCG GAG acid (Glu) GGG Third base