Conceptual Integrated Science 2nd Edition Paul G Hewitt, Suzanne A Lyons - Solutions

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The dates of meteor showers are rather predictable as listed in Table 26.2. How intense the shower might be, however, is still somewhat of a guess. So keep your eye to the nighttime sky for these meteor showers. While doing so, review in your mind the distinctions among meteoroids, meteors,
When viewed from the North Pole, Earth spins counterclockwise, which is toward the east. This means that the stars appear to move in the opposite direction, which is toward the west. This is just like when you’re sitting in a train that begins moving eastward. The only way you know that you’re
Find a Ping-Pong ball on the next clear day when the Moon is out. Hold the Ping-Pong ball with your arm stretched out toward where the Moon is so that the ball overlaps the Moon. Look carefully at how the ball is lit by the Sun. Notice that this is the same way the Moon is lit by the Sun! For an
For this activity, you’ll need an isolated loudspeaker (bare of its casing) and a sheet of plywood or cardboard—the bigger the better. Cut a hole about the size of the speaker in the middle of the sheet. Listen to music from the isolated speaker, and then hear the difference when the speaker is
Text a letter to a relative or friend and reveal that you have come to understand what has been a mystery for centuries—the nature of light. Explain how light is related to electricity and magnetism.
Write a letter to your favorite uncle and bring him up to speed on your progress with physics. Apply some of the terms in this chapter to practical examples, and tell him how you’re learning to distinguish among them and how that contributes to your understanding.
With a ballpoint pen, write your name on a piece of paper on your desk. No problem. Now try it with the pen upside down—for example, with the paper held against a book above your head. Note the pen “doesn’t work.” Now you see that gravity acts on the ink in the barrel through which the ink
Summer and winter constellations are different because(a) of the spin of Earth about its polar axis.(b) the night sky faces in opposite directions in summer and winter.(c) of the tilt of Earth’s polar axis.(d) the universe is symmetrical and harmonious.
Polaris is always directly over(a) the North Pole.(b) any location north of the equator.(c) the equator.(d) the South Pole.
What is the star nearest Earth?(a) Proxima Centauri(b) Polaris(c) Mercury(d) the Sun
The property of a star that relates to the amount of energy per unit time it is producing is its(a) luminosity.(b) apparent brightness.(c) color.(d) volume.(e) mass.
The longest-lived stars are those of(a) low mass.(b) high mass.(c) intermediate mass.(d) infinite mass.
After our Sun burns all the hydrogen in its core, it will become a(a) white dwarf.(b) black dwarf.(c) black hole.(d) red giant.(e) blue giant.
The shape of an active starburst galaxy tends to be(a) elliptical.(b) spiral.(c) irregular.(d) all of these
Scientists estimate the age of our universe to be about(a) 5000 years old.(b) 1 billion years old.(c) 14 billion years old.(d) 42 billion years old.
Which of the following is not accepted evidence for the Big Bang?(a) cosmic background radiation(b) homogeneity of the temperature of the universe(c) the abundance of helium(d) dark energy
Dark matter is(a) ordinary matter that is no longer emitting light.(b) affecting the orbits of stars.(c) a dense form of dark energy.(d) repelled by ordinary matter.
Is the universe in space or is space in the universe?
What is SETI? Was it a mistake for Congress to cut its funding? Why or why not?
The total number of stars in the universe is much greater than the number of grains of sand on all the beaches of Earth. Given this, do you think it’s possible that there are other civilizations in the universe?
What does the spin rate of a star have to do with whether or not it has a system of planets?
Why is carbon such a special atom?
With each pass of a comet about the Sun, the comet’s mass(a) remains virtually unchanged.(b) actually increases.(c) is appreciably reduced.
The Sun contains what percentage of the solar system’s mass?(a) about 35%(b) 85%(c) the percentage varies over time(d) over 99%
The solar system is like an atom in that both(a) are governed principally through the electric force.(b) consist of a central body surrounded by objects moving in elliptical paths.(c) are composed of plasma.(d) are mainly empty space.
The nebular theory is based on the observation that the solar system(a) follows patterns indicating that it formed progressively from physical processes.(b) has a structure much like an atom.(c) is highly complex and appears to have been built by chaotic processes.(d) appears to be very old.
When a contracting hot ball of gas spins into a disk shape, it cools faster due to(a) increased radiation transfer.(b) increased surface area.(c) decreased insulation.(d) increased convection currents.(e) eddy currents.
Each second, the burning Sun’s mass(a) increases.(b) remains unchanged.(c) decreases.
Compared to your weight on Earth, your weight on Jupiter would be about(a) 3000 times as much.(b) half as much.(c) 3 times as much.(d) 300 times as much.(e) 100 times as much.
When the Moon assumes its characteristic thin crescent shape, the position of the Sun is(a) almost directly in back of the Moon.(b) almost directly behind Earth, so that Earth is between the Sun and the Moon.(c) at right angles to the line between the Moon and Earth.
When the Sun passes between the Moon and Earth, we have(a) a lunar eclipse.(b) a solar eclipse.(c) met our end.
Asteroids orbit(a) the Moon.(b) Earth.(c) the Sun.(d) all of these(e) none of these
Why does the evolution of life probably require the presence of a liquid on a planet?
Find a Ping-Pong ball on the next clear day when the Moon is out. Hold the Ping-Pong ball with your arm stretched out toward where the Moon is so that the ball overlaps the Moon. Look carefully at how the ball is lit by the Sun. Notice that this is the same way the Moon is lit by the Sun! For an
To see the different phases that the Moon would have if it were elsewhere in the sky, move your Ping-Pong ball around. Note that as you bring the ball closer to the Sun, the crescent on the ball gets thinner. The same thing happens with the Moon. This activity is a great way of really experiencing
The dates of meteor showers are rather predictable as listed in Table 28.2. How intense the shower might be, however, is still somewhat of a guess. So keep your eye to the nighttime sky for these meteor showers. While doingso, review in your mind the distinctions among meteoroids, meteors,
When viewed from the North Pole, Earth spins counterclockwise, which is toward the east. This means that the stars appear to move in the opposite direction, which is toward the west. This is just like when you’re sitting in a train that begins moving eastward. The only way you know that you’re
Do astronomers make stellar observations during the full Moon part of the month or during the new Moon part of the month? Does it make a difference?
What does the Richter scale measure?
Climate change(a) is a subject most scientists disagree about.(b) refers to the effect of greenhouse gases on atmospheric temperature.(c) refers to temperature increases in all of Earth’s climate zones.(d) is not related to human activities.
Why do earthquakes produce seismic waves?
Climates farther from the equator usually have(a) lower average temperatures.(b) higher solar intensity.(c) more precipitation.(d) more water.
Where do earthquakes occur?
Ice ages occur because of(a) chemicals people put into the atmosphere.(b) variations in Earth’s tilt and orbit.(c) asteroids crashing into Earth.(d) changes in the temperature of Earth’s core.
What method uses records of past earthquakes to predict future earthquakes? What are the limitations of this method?
In an ice age, glaciers(a) advance.(b) retreat.(c) cause sea level to rise.(d) reflect incoming solar radiation.
How is a tsunami similar to a ripple in a pond? How do they differ?
Earthquakes occur because(a) tectonic plates shift as Earth cools.(b) tectonic plates shift as Earth warms.(c) seismic waves escape Earth’s interior.(d) Pangaea continues to break up into smaller pieces.
What causes a tsunami?
Tsunami(a) are usually caused by hurricanes.(b) are usually caused by global warming.(c) are usually caused by the Milankovitch cycles.(d) are usually caused by earthquakes.
Describe two devastating tsunami that have occurred since the year 2000. Tell when they occurred and why they were costly in terms of lives and property.
What can scientists do to predict earthquakes?(a) nothing(b) measure the strain in rocks and map inactive sections of active fault zones(c) measure the elasticity of rock(d) measure the distance from a certain location to the nearest subduction zone
What are the three major kinds of volcanoes?
Hurricanes are related to(a) heat, pressure, and water.(b) earthquakes.(c) tsunami.(d) volcanoes.
Which types of volcanoes erupt quietly? Which erupt most explosively?
Which of the following is a sign that a volcano may soon erupt?(a) bulging of its flanks(b) climate change(c) warming of its base and flanks(d) odd animal behavior
What are the hazards associated with volcanoes?
What is the source of a hurricane’s energy?
Where do hurricanes form? Describe how they travel.
What was the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history?
What astronomical changes produce climate change on Earth?
Can continental drift cause climate change? Provide an example.
Cite two kinds of catastrophes that occur naturally and can alter climate.
Relate the greenhouse effect to global warming.
What are greenhouse gases?
Besides burning fossil fuels, what causes carbon dioxide buildup?
How do planetary feedbacks affect climate change?
What is it about the Industrial Era that has apparently caused the average global temperature to increase?
Explain why melting ice caps cause Earth’s temperature to rise. (Hint: Use the term albedo.)
Give two examples of mass extinctions that apparently were related to climate change.
What does albedo depend upon?
Why is the greenhouse effect a good thing for life on Earth? Why is it a bad thing?
Why is melting permafrost a climate concern?
Why is sea level expected to rise as global temperature climbs?
By how much did the average global temperature rise during the past century?
Burning a plant releases carbon dioxide in two ways.What are they?
What is the IPCC? By how much does the IPCC predict climate will change over the next century?
The Richter scale measures how much the ground shakes in an earthquake. Note that this is not equal to the energy released by an earthquake. However, there is a simple relationship between Richter magnitude and earthquake energy.A 1-point increase on the Richter scale corresponds to an energy
Why do shield volcanoes have broader bases than cinder cone volcanoes?
Why do hurricanes die when they reach land?
Have volcanoes been more of a threat in modern times or in ancient times? State your reasons.
How is rock before an earthquake like a compressed or stretched Slinky?
Briefly describe how a tsunami develops.
Heat waves kill more people in the United States than all of the other natural disasters combined. Why do heat waves mainly kill people who live in cities?
Name three natural hazards discussed in this chapter that affect coastal regions more than inland areas.
The use of fossil fuels contributes to global climate change. Are there other reasons to reduce our consumption of fossil fuels? If so, describe them.
Why have levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased sharply since the latter part of the 19th century?
What are some likely effects of global warming?
As technological society advances, humans use increasing amounts of energy. Does this violate the law of conservation of energy? Why or why not?
In what way do plants reduce the threat of global warming?
Can the problems associated with fossil fuels be cured by planting enough trees? Explain your reasoning.
How is a volcano like a shaken bottle of soda?
If you had to live near a composite volcano or a shield volcano, which type would you choose? Why?
Where is the Ring of Fire, and how did it earn its name?
What would eventually happen to a volcano that formed over a hot spot?
Some engineers have suggested burying radioactive wastes in ocean trenches at subduction zones. Why do you think they have proposed this? What hazards could this create?
Drowning causes the most deaths in a hurricane. Explain why, using the term storm surge in your answer.
Suppose geologists report that the stress in Earth’s crust has increased where you live. Should you move? If so, how soon? Explain the reasons for your answer.
Which of these graphs represents feedback that destabilizes climate? (a) (b)
Draw a feedback loop with two variables: melting sea ice and temperature. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop? Does it enhance climate change or balance Earth’s climatic system?

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Conceptual Integrated Science 2nd Edition Paul G Hewitt, Suzanne A Lyons - Solutions

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