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earth sciences
environment

Questions and Answers of Environment

Which biome discussed in this chapter is depicted by the information given below? Explain your answer? High Level of soil minerals Medium Average annual temperature Average annual Low precipitation
Describe representative organisms of the forest biomes discussed in the text: boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest, temperate rain forest, and tropical rain forest.
Offer a possible reason why the tundra has such a low species richness.
What two climate factors are most important in determining an area’s characteristic biome?
What is ecological succession? How does primary and secondary succession differ?
Relate the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes to plate tectonics.
How are tornadoes and tropical cyclones alike? How do they differ?
The system encompassing Earth€™s global mean surface temperature can be diagrammed as follows:Explain each part of this system. Sohr radiation absorbed by surface Outgoing long-wave
What is the basic flow path of the nitrogen cycle?
Describe how organisms participate in each of these biogeochemical cycles: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
How might deforestation at HBEF alter the biogeochemical cycles involving that ecosystem.
Briefly describe some of the long-term ecological research conducted at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF). What are some of the environmental effects observed in the deforestation study at
What is gross primary productivity? Net primary productivity?
What is a pyramid of energy?
How does energy flow through a food web consisting of producers, consumers, and decomposers?
What is a food web?
Distinguish between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which organisms perform each process?
Is a rabbit an example of a closed system or an open system? Why?
Alcohol fuels produced from corn are often considered a climate friendly answer to our energy needs. Explain why a large-scale increase in the production of corn to provide fuel could have a negative
What is NPP? Do humans affect the global NPP? If so, how? If not, why?
Relate the pyramid of energy to the second law of thermodynamics.
Consider a simple ecosystem consisting of a shrub, a worm, a bird, and soil microbes, and identify the producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, and decomposers. Which of these organisms
Why is the concept of a food web generally preferred over that of a food chain?
What is the outermost layer of the atmosphere? Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone that absorbs much of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation?
What is albedo?
What sulfur-containing gases are found in the atmosphere?
How does the phosphorus cycle differ from the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles?
What are the five steps of the nitrogen cycle?
What roles do photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and combustion play in the carbon cycle?
Examine the following changes that have been identified in the arctic hydrologic system in the past few decades. Predict the effect of these changes on the salinity in the North Atlantic Ocean.
How does ENSO affect climate on land?
What is a gyre, and how are gyres produced?
Describe the general directions of atmospheric circulation.
What are the two lower layers of the atmosphere? Cite at least two differences between them.
Explain why Earth’s temperature changes with latitude and with the seasons.
A geologist or physical geographer would describe the phosphorus cycle as a “sedimentary pathway.” Based on what you have learned about the phosphorus cycle in this chapter, what do you think
Is water stored behind a dam an example of potential or kinetic energy? What would cause the water to convert to the other form of energy?
Distinguish among energy, work, and heat.
What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem? Between an ecosystem and a landscape?
What is ecology?
Is it possible to have an inverted pyramid of energy? Why or why not?
Suggest a food chain with an inverted pyramid of numbers—that is, greater numbers of organisms at higher than at lower trophic levels.
Could you construct a balanced ecosystem that contained only producers and consumers? Only consumers and decomposers? Only producers and decomposers? Explain the reasons for your answers.
How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related? Write the overall equation for both processes.
Give an example of a natural process in which order becomes increasingly disordered.
How is the first law of thermodynamics related to the movement of an automobile?
Is this an example of an open system or a closed system? Explain your answer. Energy input Energy output System Surrounding environment
Give two examples of potential energy, and in each case tell how it is converted to kinetic energy.
What is energy? How are the following forms of energy significant to organisms in ecosystems: (a) radiant energy, (b) mechanical energy, (c) chemical energy?
Which scientist—a population ecologist or a landscape ecologist—would be most likely to study broad-scale environmental issues and land management problems? Explain your answer.
Describe the science of ecology. What are two questions an ecologist might explore in the Chesapeake Bay salt marsh However, in the book, the topic was on the Antarctic food web.
What are worldviews? How do Western and deep ecology worldviews differ?
What is environmental ethics?
Is environmental justice a local issue, an international issue, or both? Explain.
What does the EPI measure that the GDP does not?
When might command and control regulations be more or less effective than economics-based policies?
What do economists mean by “efficient” regulation?
In what ways has the U.S. environment improved as the result of regulations?
Which law is the cornerstone of U.S. environmental law? Why?
Explain how the attitudes of utilitarian conservationists toward environmental policy differ from those of bio centric preservationists.
Describe how an individual can influence U.S. environmental history or policy.
Which occurred first in the U.S. environmental movement: concerns about forest conservation or concerns about pollution?
Describe how environmental destruction in formerly communist countries relates to natural capital.
Can economic solutions be used to address environmental justice concerns?Explain your answer.
Is consumption driven more by population than affluence in highly developed countries? Less developed countries? Explain the difference.
What is environmental science? Why is a systems perspective so important in environmental science?
What are the three foundations of sustainable development?
Explain why economic well-being, environment, and ethics all contribute to sustainable development.
Explain why the National Environmental Policy Act is considered the cornerstone of U.S. environmental law.Research some examples of when it has been effective and when it has not.
Describe the environmental contributions of two of the following: George Perkins Marsh, Theodore Roosevelt, Gifford Pinchot, John Muir, Aldo Leopold, Wallace Stegner, Rachel Carson, and Paul Ehrlich.
Briefly describe each of the following aspects of U.S. environmental history: protection of forests; establishment and protection of national parks and monuments, conservation in the mid-20th
What was the Lake Washington pollution problem of the 1950s? How was it addressed?
What are the steps used to solve an environmental problem?
What are the steps of the scientific method? Does the scientific process usually follow these steps? Why or why not?
What does the IPAT model demonstrate?
What is the tragedy of the commons?
What is sustainability?
What is an ecological footprint?
How are human population growth and affluence related to natural resource depletion?
How do renewable resources differ from nonrenewable resources?
How do the total wealth of a country and income disparity relate to sustainability?
What is one example of a global system?
Examine the graph, which shows and estimate of the discrepancy between the wealth of the world€™s poorest countries and that of the richest countries.a. How has the distribution of wealth
In what ways do decisions about energy use and climate change that we make today limit the possibilities available to the next generation? Explain your answer.
What does the term system mean in environmental science?
Place the following stages in addressing environmental problems in order and briefly explain each: long-term evaluation, public education and involvement, risk analysis, scientific assessment,
Explain why it might be difficult to make a decision about whether or not to allow farmers to spray pesticides even if we all agree about negative health effects of the pesticides.
Some people want scientists to give them precise, definitive answers to environmental problems. Explain why this is not possible, and explain its implications for making decisions about climate
In the chapter, the term model is defined as a formal statement that describes a situation and can be used to predict the future course of events. On the basis of this definition, is a model the same
Thomas Henry Huxley once wrote, “The great tragedy of science—the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact.” Explain what he meant, based on what you have learned about the nature of
Give an example of an Earth system.
Explain the following ancient proverb as it relates to the concept of environmental sustainability: We have not inherited the world from our ancestors; we have borrowed it from our children.
How are the concepts of ecological footprint and the IPAT model similar? Which concept do you think is easier for people to grasp?
Do you think it is possible for the world to sustain its present population of more than7.2 billion indefinitely? Why or why not?
Explain why does a single child born in the United States have a greater effect on the environment than 12 or more children born in a developing country?

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