Questions and Answers of Agribusiness Principles Of Management

Comment on this statement: “You can delegate authority, but you can’t get rid of your obligation.”
Do companies that are heavily centralized have managerial processes similar to or different from those of companies that are heavily decentralized? Why?
Which kind of position is more important to an organization, line or staff? Why? Could an organization function with only one of these kinds of positions? Why or why not?
Narrowly defining and standardizing the tasks that set one job apart from others is called job ______.
Alternating employees across several narrowly defined and standardized jobs to prevent them from becoming bored or dissatisfied is known as job ______.
Modifying a job so that it includes more activities, hopefully making the job less boring without losing efficiency, is called job ______.
Modifying a job to include more activities and giving the worker more discretion in how to perform the activities is called job ______.
Grouping jobs according to similar functions or broad activities, such as marketing, production, etc., is called _____ departmentalization.
Assigning the manager’s tasks to group members and giving the employee the responsibility for a job, the authority to perform it, and accountability for seeing that it gets done, is known as
Delegating power and control to lower levels rather than keeping it at the top of the organization is called ______.
The number of people a manager has reporting to him or her is called ______ ______ ______.
An organization that has relatively few levels of management, so each manager has a wide span of management is a ______ organization.
An organization that has many levels of management, and each manager has only a narrow span, is a ______ organization.
Ever since Goldman Sachs global economic analyst Jim O’Neill introduced the acronym in a 2001 publication, “BRIC” has become a nickname for four fast-emerging economic powers: Brazil, Russia,
What is meant by organization design?
Describe two major early approaches to organization design.
What are three major contingency factors that affect organization design? How do they do so?
Briefly describe the major contemporary organization design alternatives.
Comment on these statements: “The only real value of an organization chart is in doing the analysis necessary to draw it. Once it is drawn, the only value it has is covering cracks in plaster
Can bureaucratic organizations avoid red tape and other problems usually associated with them? If so,how? If not, why not?
Rensis Likert, who developed the System 1–4 approach, said that when he asked managers to describe the best organization with which they had ever been associated, they invariably described a System
Would you rather work in an organic or a mechanistic organization? Why? Which form of organization would be more likely to appeal to someone who believes “there is a place for everything and
What factors, besides those mentioned in this book, can influence corporate culture?
The overall configuration of positions and the interrelationships among positions within an organization is known as ______ ______.
Pictures or maps consisting of boxes connected in such as way as to show the overall arrangement of positions and clarify the interrelationships among positions are called ______ ______.
The manufacture of products in assembly-line fashion for inventory rather than to customer specifications is known as ______ - ______ or ______-______ technology.
Making products that require that the composition of the raw materials be changed mechanically or chemically is called ______ ______ technology.
Groups of workers who operate with no direct supervision to perform some specific task are called ______-_______ work groups.
The _______ or ___-______ ______ is a unitary or uniform approach to design that makes maximum use of functional specialization.
The ______ or _____-_____ design uses the product form of departmentalization and takes advantage of specialization based on knowledge of specific products or services, their production,and
The design that establishes fairly autonomous product departments that operate as strategic business units is the ______ or __-_____ design.
A new enterprise set up by two firms that are sharing in its control and ownership is called a ______ ______.
Ownership positions obtained through the purchase of significant portions of stock are called ______ positions.
We humans are “hard wired.” Our psyches say we must work, but we are also social animals. We work to live; we work to socialize. And both are accomplished in organizations.Next to agriculture,
Distinguish between planned and reactive change.
What are the basic steps to be followed in planned change? Identify the basic reasons people resist change and the most common methods of overcoming that resistance.
Provide at least two examples of each area of organization change.
What is organization development? What are some of its more common techniques?
What is innovation? Describe the innovation process.
Heraclitus once said, “There is nothing permanent except change.” Do you think change is, in fact, inevitable? Why or why not?
The text notes that people tend to resist change. Are there some people who like change? Is it possible for people to initiate too much change?
Think of a change you recently experienced. How was it managed? How did you feel about it?
Identify an organization that has never had to go through a period of revitalization.
Can creativity—as part of the innovation process—really be managed? Can an organization concentrate too much attention on managing innovation?
When an organization modifies its strategy or adopts a new strategy, it has engaged in ______ change.
Changes made in anticipation of possible changes in the environment and how the organization should most likely respond to those changes is called _______ ______ change.
An unplanned response to environmental changes as they occur is called ______ change.
A planned effort to bring new energy, vitality, and strength to an organization is known as ______ ______.
The managed effort by organizations to develop new products or services and/or new uses for existing products or services is called ______.
The planned, organization-wide effort to enhance organizational health and effectiveness through the systematic application of behavioral science techniques is known as ______ _______.
Modifications of existing products or technologies are called ______ innovations.
Products that involve changes in the physical appearance or performance of a product are known as ______ innovations.
Innovative people who work in the context of a large organization rather than for themselves are called ______.
The stage at which most organizations in an industry have access to an innovation and are applying it in approximately the same way is referred to as ______ ______.
Many years ago a popular show did a comedy skit that was a parody of television food advertising.The skit featured a husband and wife arguing whether the whipped-cream product they were featuring was
What are the major components to human resource planning? How are they related?
What is selection? What are some of the techniques used in it?
What are popular training and development techniques? Where might each be appropriate to use?
What are some methods used in performance appraisal? What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Describe the general process through which unions are formed.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external recruiting? Which do you feel is best in the long term? Why?
How can you determine whether or not a particular technique is valid for selection? What are the costs and benefits of using invalid techniques?
An objective measure of performance for a research chemist might be the number of patents obtained. Why might this be a poor method for evaluating the chemist’s performance? What might be a better
Do you think wages or salaries are more important than benefits? Why or why not?
Respond to this statement: “Unions would not exist if it weren’t for poor management.”
The systematic investigation that involves collecting and recording information about jobs in the organization is called ______ ______.
A summary of the duties and the working conditions of a job, plus the tools, materials, and equipment used on the job is called ______ ______.
Finding current employees who would like to change jobs is called ______ ______, whereas finding qualified applicants outside the company is called ______ ______.
Preparing employees for a job by teaching them job skills is generally referred to as ______ , whereas ______ involves teaching more general abilities.
A system that measures employees against one another is a/an ______ system, whereas a/an ______ system compares each employee with a standard of performance.
Telling employees the results of their performance appraisal is called ______.
The comparison of a company’s wages relative to others in the local economy is known as the ______ ______, whereas the comparison of wages for different jobs within the company is called ______
Payments to employees other than wages or salaries are known as ______.
Management and union officials reach agreement on wages, layoff policies, and the like through a process known as ______ ______.
A list of the skills, abilities, and other credentials necessary to perform the job is known as a/an ______ ______.
Though they appear to be dissimilar and involved in quite diff erent industries, pharmaceutical companies are like oil companies—both industries must have new products in the pipeline. This is the
Identify and define several basic personality attributes relevant to organizations.
What are the three components of an attitude? What does an individual experience if there is a conflict or inconsistency among these components?
Identify several factors that cause stress. Identify several consequences of stress.
Name several things that can cause conflict.
What can an individual do if he/she wants to change the psychological contract he/she has with his/ her organization?
Characterize yourself on each of the personality traits discussed in the chapter.
Select an important attitude that reflects how you feel about something. Try to recall how this attitude was formed and break it down into its three components.
What causes stress for you? How do you deal with it?
The set of expectations held by an individual about what he or she will contribute to the organization and what it will provide in return is a/an ______ ______.
The relatively stable set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another is known as ______.
The rigidity of a person’s beliefs and his/her openness to other viewpoints is known as ______.
The extent to which an individual believes that he is a worthwhile and deserving person is called ______ ______.
A conflict among the three parts of an attitude is known as ______ _______.
The process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or which contradicts our beliefs is called ______ ______.
The process of categorizing people on the basis of a single attribute is ______.
The set of work-related behaviors that a firm expects people to display are called ______ ______.
The condition that occurs when an individual is subjected to unusual situations, difficult demands, or extreme pressures is called ______.
The extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by the organization is known as ______-______ ______.
Carlos Brito transformed a Brazilian beer maker, Brahma, into one of the largest brewers in the world.This 50-year-old Brazilian with an MBA from Stanford merged Brahma with the maker of Stella
Define agribusiness and differentiate it from other forms of business.
What is the agribusiness value chain?
Identify several agribusiness organizations. What makes them agribusinesses?
What are the four characteristics generally found in an agribusiness product?
What are serial entrepreneurs and how do they differ from other entrepreneurs?

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