Which of the following taxpayers must file a 2019 return?

a. Amy, age 19 and single, has $8,050 of wages, $800 of interest, and $350 of selfemployment income.

b. Berry, age 67 and single, has a taxable pension of $9,100 and Social Security benefits of $6,200 (the Social Security benefits are wholly tax-exempt in this situation).

c. Chris, age 15 and single, is a dependent of hi~ parents. Chris has earned income of $1,900 and interest of $400.

d. Dawn, age 15 and single, is a dependent of her parents. She has earned income of $400 and interest of $1,600.

e. Doug, age 25, and his wife are separated. He earned $5,000 while attending school during the year.