Define each of the following terms:
a. Optimal distribution policy
b. Dividend irrelevance theory; bird-in-the-hand theory; tax effect theory
c. Information content, or signaling, hypothesis; clientele effect
d. Residual distribution model; extra dividend
e. Declaration date; holder-of-record date; ex-dividend date; payment date
f. Dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP)
g. Stock split; stock dividend; stock repurchase