Questions and Answers of Exploring Management

An entrepreneur who thrives on uncertainty displays _____________(a) high tolerance for ambiguity(b) internal locus of control(c) need for achievement(d) action orientation
Almost_____________% of U.S. businesses meet the definition of “small business.”(a) 40 (b) 99(c) 75 (d) 81
A common reason new small businesses often fail is _____________(a) the owner lacks experience and business skills(b) there is too much government regulation(c) the owner tightly controls money
A pressing problem faced by a small business in the birth or start-up stage is _____________(a) gaining acceptance in the marketplace(b) finding partners for expansion(c) preparing the initial
If you start a small business and want to avoid losing any more than the original investment, what form of ownership is best?(a) sole proprietorship(b) general partnership(c) limited
Trends in U.S. small businesses show _____________(a) a growing number owned by minorities(b) fewer small businesses using the Internet(c) large businesses creating more jobs(d) fewer small
A _____________protects small business owners from personal liabilities for losses.(a) sole proprietorship(b) franchise(c) limited partnership(d) corporation
_____________take ownership shares in a new venture in return for start-up funds.(a) Business incubators(b) Angel investors(c) SBDCs(d) Intrapreneurs
_____________makes social entrepreneurship unique.(a) Lack of other career options(b) Focus on international markets(c) Refusal to finance by loans(d) Commitment to solving social problems
When managers use offers of rewards and threats of punishments to try to get others to do what they want them to do, they are using which type of power?(a) formal
In the research on leader behaviors, which style of leadership describes the preferred “high-high” combination?(a) transformational(b) transactional(c) laissez-faire(d) democratic
Which leadership theorist argues that one’s leadership style is strongly anchored in personality and therefore very difficult to change?(a) Daniel Goleman(b) Peter Drucker(c) Fred
In terms of leadership behaviors, someone who focuses on doing a very good job of planning work tasks, setting performance standards, and monitoring results would be described as _________.(a) task
In the discussion of gender and leadership, it was pointed out that some perceive women as having tendencies toward, ________ a style that seems a good fit with developments in the new
In House’s path-goal theory, a leader who sets challenging goals for others would be described as using the _______ leadership
How is a person with an authoritarian personality expected to act?(a) Strong tendency to obey orders.(b) Challenges the authority of others.(c) Tries to play down status
_________ is a form of attribution error that involves blaming the environment for problems that we may have caused ourselves.(a) Self-serving bias(b) Fundamental attribution
_________ is a form of attribution error that involves blaming others for problems that they may not have caused for themselves.(a) Self-serving bias(b) Fundamental attribution
Maslow’s progression principle stops working at the level of _____________ needs.(a) growth (b) self-actualization(c) achievement (d) self-esteem
The purpose of negative reinforcement as an operant conditioning technique is to _____________.(a) punish bad behavior(b) discourage bad behavior(c) encourage desirable behavior(d) cancel the
The premise of reinforcement theory is that:(a) behavior is a function of environment(b) motivation comes from positive expectancy(c) higher-order needs stimulate hard work(d) rewards
Both Barry and Marissa are highly motivated students. Knowing this, an instructor can expect them to be _____________ in the management course.(a) hard working (b) high performing(c) highly
The best way to try to increase the cohesiveness of a team would be to __________.(a) start competition with other groups(b) add more members(c) reduce isolation from other groups(d) increase
Who is responsible for encoding a message in the communication process?(a) Sender(b) Receiver(c) Observer(d) Consultant
Issues of “respect” and “integrity” are associated with _____________ in communication.(a) noise(b) filtering(c) credibility(d) ethnocentrism
What happens when a communication is persuasive?(a) The receiver understands the message.(b) The sender feels good about the message.(c) The receiver acts as the sender intended.(d) The sender
How can a manager build the credibility needed for persuasive communications?(a) Offer rewards for compliance with requests.(b) Clarify penalties for noncompliance with requests.(c) Remind everyone
One of the rules for giving constructive feedback is to make sure that it is always _____________.(a) general rather than specific(b) indirect rather than direct(c) given in small doses(d) delivered
When a worker receives an e-mail memo from the boss with information about changes to his job assignment and ends up confused because he doesn’t understand it, the boss has erred by making a bad
The safest conclusion about privacy in electronic communications is _____________.(a) it’s guaranteed by law(b) it’s not a problem(c) it really doesn’t exist(d) it can be password protected
A/An _____________ is higher in channel richness than a/an ____________.(a) memo; voice mail(b) letter; video conference(c) chat message; e-mail(d) voice mail; telephone conversation
The negative effects of status differences on communication between lower and higher levels in organizations show up in the form of _____________.(a) filtering(b) MBWA(c) ethnocentrism(d) passive
When a person’s words say one thing but his or her body language suggests something quite different, the person is sending _____________.(a) a mixed message(b) noise(c) social capital(d)
Which statement is most consistent with arguments that diversity is good for -organizations?(a) Having a diverse workforce guarantees success.(b) Diversity is easy to manage because it is already
The beliefs that older workers are not creative and prefer routine, low-stress jobs are stereotypes that might create bad feelings among members of different ______________subcultures in
Among the three leadership approaches to diversity identified by Thomas, which one is primarily directed at making sure that minorities and women are hired by the organization?(a) equal employment
The term ______________helps describe an organization that fully integrates members of minority cultures and majority cultures.(a) Equal employment opportunity(b) Affirmative
When members of the marketing department stick close to one another, as well as share jokes and even a slang language, the likelihood is that a/an ______________subculture is
When someone experiences culture shock on a study abroad trip, the first stage is likely to be one of anxiety caused by confusion in the new cultural setting. What is the next stage in culture
When dealing with proxemics as a silent language of culture, what is the issue of most concern?(a) How people use the spoken word to communicate.(b) How people use nonverbal to
When a foreign visitor to India attends a dinner and criticizes as “primitive” the local custom of eating with one’s fingers, he or she can be described as acting in a/an
In a high-context culture we would expect to find ______________.(a) low uncertainty avoidance(b) high power distance(c) use of monochronic time(d) emphasis on nonverbal and verbal
On which dimension of national culture did the United States score highest and Japan score highest in Hofstede’s original survey research?(a) masculinity, femininity(b) long-term,
If someone commits what Hofstede calls the “ecological fallacy,” what are they likely to be doing?(a) Disregarding monochronic behavior.(b) Assuming all members of a culture fit the -popular
In addition to gaining new markets, businesses go international in the search for ____________.(A) Political risk(b) protectionism(c) lower labor costs(d) most favored nation status
When foreign investment creates new jobs that are filled by local domestic workers, some call the result ____________ as opposed to the more controversial notion of
When a Hong Kong firm makes an agreement with the Walt Disney Company to use the Disney logo and legally make jewelry in the shape of Disney cartoon characters, Disney is engaging in a form of
The athletic footwear maker New Balance discovered that exact copies of its running shoe designs were on sale in China under the name “New Barlun.” This is an example of a/an ____________ problem
When the profits of large international businesses are disproportionately high relative to those of smaller firms and even the economies of some countries, this is called ____________.(a) return on
Who gains most when the dollar weakens versus a foreign currency such as the Brazilian real?(a) American consumers of Brazilian products.(b) Brazilian firms selling products in
Which of the following is identified by researchers as a universal inhibitor of leadership success across cultures?(a) Being positive.(b) Acting autocratic.(c) Being a good planner.(d) Acting
If an international business firm has separate vice presidents in charge of its Asian, African, and European divisions, it is most likely using a global ____________
A business owner makes a decision to reduce a plant’s workforce by 10% in order to cut costs and be able to save jobs for the other 90% of employees. This decision could be justified as ethical
If a manager fails to enforce a late-to-work policy for all workers—that is, by allowing some favored employees to arrive late without penalties—this would be considered a violation of
According to research on ethics in the workplace, _________ is/are often a major and frequent source of pressures that create ethical dilemmas for people in their jobs.(a) declining morals in
Someone who exposes the ethical misdeeds of others in an organization is usually called a/an _________.(a) whistleblower (b) ethics advocate(c) ombudsman (d) stakeholder
Two employees are talking about ethics in their workplaces. Jay says that ethics training and codes of ethical conduct are worthless; Maura says they are the only ways to ensure ethical behavior by
Which ethical position has been criticized as a source of “ethical imperialism”?(a) individualism (b) absolutism(c) utilitarianism (d) relativism
If a manager takes a lot of time explaining to a subordinate why he did not get a promotion and sincerely listens to his concerns, this is an example of an attempt to act ethically according to
At what Kohlberg calls the _________ level of moral development, an individual can be expected to act consistent with peers, meet obligations, and follow rules of social
In respect to the link between bad management and ethical behavior, research shows that _________.(a) managers who set unrealistic goals can cause unethical behavior(b) most whistleblowers just
A person’s desires for a comfortable life and family security represent _________ values, while his or her desires to be honest and hardworking represent _________ values.(a) terminal;
The triple bottom line of organizational performance would include measures of financial, social, and _________ performance.(a) philanthropic (b) environmental(c) legal (d) economic
An amoral manager _________.(a) always acts in consideration of ethical issues(b) chooses to behave unethically(c) makes ethics a personal goal(d) acts unethically but does so unintentionally
In a social responsibility audit of a business firm, positive behaviors meeting which of the following criteria would measure the highest level of commitment to socially responsible
What organizational stakeholder would get priority attention if a corporate board is having a serious discussion regarding how the firm could fulfill its obligations in respect to sustainable
A problem is a discrepancy between a/an _____________ situation and a desired situation.(a) unexpected(b) risk(c) actual(d) uncertain
If a manager approaches problems in a rational and analytical way, trying to solve them in step-by-step fashion. He or she is well described as a/an _____________.(a) systematic
When the members of a special task force are asked to develop a proposal for increasing the international sales of a new product, this problem most likely requires _____________
One of the reasons why certainty is the most favorable environment for problem solving is that it can be addressed through _____________
In which decision environment does a manager deal with probabilities regarding possible courses of ¬action and their consequences?(a) risk(b) certainty(c) uncertainty(d) optimal
You go to your boss and ask for a pay raise. She says: “Well, let’s take a look first at what you are making now.” The risk you face in this situation is that your boss’s decision will be
Which decision-making error is most associated with the old adage: “If you don’t succeed, try and try again”?(a) satisficing(b) escalating commitment(c) confirmation(d) too late to fail
The last step in the decision-making process is to _____________.(a) choose a preferred alternative(b) evaluate results(c) find and define the problem(d) generate alternatives
The first step in the planning process is to __________.(a) decide how to get where you want to go(b) define your objectives(c) identify possible future conditions or scenarios(d) act quickly
When a manager is asked to justify a new budget proposal on the basis of projected activities rather than as an incremental adjustment to the prior year’s budget, this is an example of
In a hierarchy of objectives, plans at lower levels are supposed to act as _________ for accomplishing higher-level plans.(a) means(b) ends(c) scenarios(d) benchmarks
From a time management perspective, which manager is likely to be in best control of his or her time? One who ________.(a) tries to never say “no” to requests from others(b) works on the most
A marketing plan in a business firm would most likely deal with ________.(a) production methods and technologies(b) money and capital investments(c) facilities and workforce
The best goals or objectives for planning purposes would have which of the following characteristics?(a) Easy enough so that no one fails to reach them(b) Realistic and possible to achieve, while
A total quality management program is most likely to be associated with ____________.(a) EOQ(b) continuous improvement(c) return on equity(d) breakeven analysis
When MBO is done right, who does the review of a team member’s performance accomplishments?(a) the team member(b) the team leader(c) both the team member and team leader(d) the team leader,
A team leader is not living up to the concept of MBO if he or she ____________.(a) sets performance objectives for subordinates(b) stays in touch and tries to support subordinates in their
If an organization’s top management establishes a target of increasing new hires of minority and female candidates by 15% in the next six months, this is an example of a/an ____________ standard
In CPM/PERT, “CPM” stands for ____________.(a) critical path method(b) control planning management(c) control plan map(d) current planning matrix
General Electric is a complex conglomerate that owns many firms operating in very different industries. The strategies pursued for each of these units within GE would best be called __________level
An organization that is downsizing by cutting staff to reduce costs can be described as pursuing a _________strategy.(a) liquidation(b) divestiture(c) retrenchment(d) stability
When you buy music downloads online, the firm selling them to you is engaging in which type of e-business strategy?(a) B2C(b) B2B(c) infomediary(d) crowdsourcing
The alliances that link together firms in supply chain management relationships are examples of how businesses try to use ____________strategies.(a) B2C(b) growth(c) cooperation(d) concentration
Among the global strategies that international businesses might pursue, the _________strategy most directly tries to tailor products to fit local needs and cultures in different countries.(a)
If Google’s top management were to announce that the firm was going to buy Federal Express, this would indicate a growth strategy of .____________(a) diversification(b) concentration(c) horizontal
___________are an organization’s special strengths that help it outperform competitors.(a) Core competencies(b) Strategies(c) Alliances(d) Operating objectives
In addition to focusing on strategy implementation and strategic control, the responsibility for strategic leadership of an organization involves success with _________________.(a)motivating a
An organization chart is most useful for ____________.(a) mapping informal structures(b) eliminating functional chimneys(c) showing designated supervisory relationships(d) describing the
An organization using a ____________ structure should expect that more problems will be solved at lower levels and that top managers will have more time free to engage in strategic
A “tall” organization will likely have ____________ spans of control than a “flat” organization with the same number of members.(a) wider (b) narrower(c) more ambiguous (d) less
If a student in one of your course groups -volunteers to gather information for a case -analysis and the other members tell him to go ahead and choose the information sources he -believes are most
Which organization would likely be a good fit for a dynamic and changing external environment?(a) vertical (b) centralized(c) organic (d) mechanistic
Workers following a compressed workweek schedule most often work 40 hours in ____________ days.(a) 3 ½ (b) 4(c) 5 (d) a flexible schedule of
Which alternative work schedule is identified by Working Mother magazine as being used by all -companies on its list of “100 Best Employers for Working Moms”?(a) telecommuting (b) job

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