1. What is the probability that the saliva cotinine level in a mother is elevated during pregnancy if the daughter reports that the mother smoked in-utero? 

2. What is the probability that the saliva cotinine level in the mother is not elevated during pregnancy if the daughter reports that the mother did not smoke in-utero? 

Additional data on self-reported smoking indicate that the mother is not always completely accurate. Saliva cotinine is a biochemical marker that, if elevated, is a 100% accurate indication of recent smoking.

Suppose if the mother states she is a nonsmoker during pregnancy that saliva cotinine is elevated 5% of the time, whereas if the mother states she is a smoker during pregnancy that saliva cotinine is elevated 97% of the time. Assume also that a daughter report adds no further information regarding the probability of an elevated cotinine level once the mother’s self-report is known.