Questions and Answers of Concepts Of Biology

Crustaceans are _____.a. Ecdysozoansb. Nematodesc. Arachnidsd. Parazoans
A mantle and mantle cavity are present in _____.a. Class Oligochaetab. Class Bivalviac. Class Polychaetad. Class Hirudinea
Annelids have a _____.a. Pseudocoelomb. A true coelomc. No coelomd. None of the above
Echinoderms in their larval state have _____.a. Triangular symmetryb. Radial symmetryc. Hexagonal symmetryd. Bilateral symmetry
The circulatory fluid in echinoderms is _____.a. Bloodb. Mesohylc. Waterd. Saline
Which of the following is not a member of the phylum Chordata?a. Cephalochordatab. Echinodermatac. Urochordatad. Vertebrata
Members of Chondrichthyes differ from members of Osteichthyes by having a ________.a. Jawb. Bony skeletonc. Cartilaginous skeletond. Two sets of paired fins
Squamata includes _____.a. Crocodiles and alligatorsb. Turtlesc. Tuatarasd. Lizards and snakes
Sudoriferous glands produce ________.a. Sweatb. Lipidsc. Sebumd. Milk
Which of the following is a Monotreme?a. Kangaroob. Koalac. Bandicootd. Platypus
How are specialized tissues important for animal function and complexity?
Using the following terms, explain what classifications and groups humans fall into, from the most general to the most specific: symmetry, germ layers, coelom, embryological development.
Describe the feeding mechanism of sponges and identify how it is different from other animals.
Compare the structural differences between Porifera and Cnidaria.
Speculate as to what advantage(s) a complete digestive system has over an incomplete digestive system?
Describe a potential advantage and disadvantage of the cuticle of ecdysozoans.
Describe the morphology and anatomy of mollusks.
Sessile adult tunicates lose the notochord; what does this suggest about one function of this structure?
During embryonic development, what features do we share with tunicates or lancelets?
When bacteria are destroyed by leukocytes, pyrogens are released into the blood. Pyrogens reset the body’s thermostat to a higher temperature, resulting in fever. How might pyrogens cause the body
Which of the following statements about the digestive system is false?a. Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive juices that is produced in the stomach.b. Food enters the large intestine before the
What can be inferred about the evolution of the cranium and the vertebral column from examining hagfishes and lampreys?
Explain why frogs are restricted to a moist environment.
Which of the following statements about the human respiratory system is false?a. When we breathe in, air travels from the pharynx to the trachea.b. The bronchioles branch into bronchi.c. Alveolar
Which of the following statements about the circulatory system is false?a. Blood in the pulmonary vein is deoxygenated.b. Blood in the inferior vena cava is deoxygenated.c. Blood in the pulmonary
When faced with a sudden drop in environmental temperature, an endothermic animal will ________.a. Experience a drop in its body temperatureb. Wait to see if it goes lower c. Increase muscle
How are wastes carried to the kidney for removal?a. In cellsb. In the urinec. In bloodd. In interstitial fluid
What is the cause of a fever of 38.3 °C (101 °F)?a. Too much heat produced by the bodyb. Upward adjustment of the body temperature set pointc. Inadequate cooling mechanisms in the bodyd. The heat
Where does the majority of fat digestion take place?a. Mouthb. Stomachc. Small intestined. Large intestine
The bile from the liver is delivered to the ________.a. Stomachb. Liverc. Small intestined. Colon
Which of the following statements is not true?a. Essential nutrients can be synthesized by the body.b. Vitamins are required in small quantities for bodily function.c. Some amino acids can be
The respiratory system ________.a. Provides body tissues with oxygenb. Provides body tissues with oxygen and carbon dioxidec. Establishes how many breaths are taken per minuted. Provides the body
Which is the order of airflow during inhalation?a. Nasal cavity, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli b. Nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli c. Nasal
Where does the right ventricle send blood?a. The headb. The upper bodyc. The lungsd. The lower body
During the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle, the heart is ________.a. Contractingb. Relaxingc. Contracting and relaxingd. Filling with blood
How do arteries differ from veins? a. Arteries have thicker wall layers to accommodate the changes in pressure from the heart.b. Arteries carry blood.c. Arteries have thinner wall layers and
What is the function of the hormone erythropoietin?a. Stimulates production of red blood cellsb. Stimulates muscle growthc. Causes the fight-or-flight responsed. Causes testosterone production
Which endocrine glands are associated with the kidneys?a. Thyroid glandsb. Pituitary glandsc. Adrenal glandsd. Gonads
Among other bones, the axial skeleton includes the ________.a. Thoracic cage and vertebral columnb. Thoracic cage and pectoral girdlec. Skull and pelvic girdled. Pectoral and pelvic girdles
The pectoral girdle supports the ________.a. Armsb. Legsc. Skulld. Thoracic cage
Which component is responsible for initially stimulating a muscle contraction?a. Proteinsb. Electrochemical signalsc. Plasma membranesd. Striations
What kind of muscle tissue is found surrounding the urinary bladder?a. Cardiacb. Skeletalc. Striatedd. Smooth
Neurons contain _________, which can receive signals from other neurons.a. Axonsb. Mitochondriac. Dendritesd. Golgi bodies
The part of the brain that is responsible for coordination during movement is the ______.a. Limbic systemb. Thalamusc. Cerebellumd. Parietal lobe
Which part of the nervous system directly controls the digestive system?a. Parasympathetic nervous systemb. Central nervous systemc. Spinal cordd. Sensory-somatic nervous system
Describe how the body’s mechanisms maintain homeostasis?
Why is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?
What is the role of the accessory organs in digestion?
What is the role of minerals in maintaining good health?
Discuss why obesity is a growing epidemic.
Describe the function of these terms and describe where they are located: main bronchus, trachea, alveoli.
How does the structure of alveoli maximize gas exchange?
What is a similarity and a difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland?
Describe how hormone receptors can play a role in affecting the size of the responses of tissues to hormones.
Many hormone systems regulate body functions through opposing hormone actions. Describe how opposing hormone actions regulate blood-glucose levels?
What movements occur at the hip joint and knees as you bend down to pick something up?
How are neurons similar to other cells? How are they unique?
What are the main functions of the spinal cord?
What are the main differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system?
Which of the following statements about virus structure is true?a. All viruses are encased in a viral membrane.b. The capsomere is made up of small protein subunits called capsids.c. DNA is the
What are the main functions of the sensory-somatic nervous system?
Influenza virus is packaged in a viral envelope, which fuses with the plasma membrane. This way, the virus can exit the host cell without killing it. What advantage does the virus gain by keeping the
The Rh antigen is found on Rh-positive red blood cells. An Rh-negative female can usually carry an Rh-positive fetus to term without difficulty. However, if she has a second Rh-positive fetus, her
Which statement is true?a. A virion contains DNA and RNA.b. Viruses are acellular.c. Viruses replicate outside of the cell.d. Most viruses are easily visualized with a light microscope.
The viral ________ plays a role in attaching a virion to the host cell.a. Coreb. Capsidc. Enveloped. Both b and c
Which statement is true of viral replication?a. In the process of apoptosis, the cell survives.b. During attachment, the virus attaches at specific sites on the cell surface.c. The viral capsid helps
Which of the following is a barrier against pathogens provided by the skin?a. Low pHb. Mucusc. Tearsd. Cilia
Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with which type of pathogen?a. Bacteriab. Virusesc. Fungid. Helminths
Which innate immune system component uses MHC class I molecules directly in its defense strategy?a. Macrophagesb. Neutrophilsc. NK cellsd. Interferon
The humoral immune response depends on which cells?a. TC cellsb. B cellsc. B and TH cellsd. TC and TH cells
The fact that the body does not normally mount an immune response to the molecules in food is an example of _______.a. Secondary immune responseb. Immunological memoryc. Immune toleranced. Passive
Foreign particles circulating in the blood are filtered by the ____________.a. Spleenb. Lymph nodesc. MALTd. Lymph
Allergy to pollen is classified as ________.a. An autoimmune reactionb. Immunodeficiencyc. Delayed hypersensitivityd. Immediate hypersensitivity
A potential cause of acquired autoimmunity is ________.a. Tissue hypersensitivityb. Molecular mimicryc. Histamine released. Radiation exposure
Autoantibodies are probably involved in ________.a. Reactions to poison ivyb. Pollen allergiesc. Systemic lupus erythematosusd. HIV/AIDS
Why can’t dogs catch the measles?
Why is immunization after being bitten by a rabid animal so effective?
Different MHC class I molecules between donor and recipient cells can lead to rejection of a transplanted organ or tissue. Suggest a reason for this.
If a series of genetic mutations prevented some, but not all, of the complement proteins from binding antibodies or pathogens, would the entire complement system be compromised?
How do B and T cells differ with respect to antigens that they bind?
Why is the immune response after reinfection much faster than the adaptive immune response after the initial infection?
Which of the following statements about the male reproductive system is false?a. The vas deferens carries sperm from the testes to the seminal vesicles.b. The ejaculatory duct joins the urethra.c.
Some photographers develop a sensitivity to certain film developing chemicals leading to severe rashes on their hands such that they are unable to work with them. Explain what is probably happening.
In which group is parthenogenesis a normal event?a. Chickensb. Beesc. Rabbitsd. Sea stars
Genetically unique individuals are produced through ________.a. Sexual reproductionb. Parthenogenesisc. Buddingd. Fragmentation
External fertilization occurs in which type of environment?a. Aquaticb. Forestedc. Savannad. Steppe
The process of gastrulation forms the _______.a. Blastulab. Zygotec. Organsd. Germ layers
Which of the following gives rise to the skin cells?a. Ectodermb. Endodermc. Mesodermd. None of the above
Sperm are produced in the ________.a. Scrotumb. Seminal vesiclesc. Seminiferous tubulesd. Prostate gland
Which female organ has an endometrial lining that will support a developing baby?a. Labia minorab. Breastc. Ovariesd. Uterus
Which hormone causes FSH and LH to be released?a. Testosteroneb. Estrogenc. GnRHd. Progesterone
Nutrient and waste requirements for the developing fetus are handled during the first few weeks by ________.a. The placentab. Diffusion through the endometriumc. The choriond. The blastocyst
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the contractions during labor?a. Oxytocinb. Estrogenc. β-HCGd. Progesterone
What might be a disadvantage to temperaturedependent sex determination
Compared to separate sexes and assuming selffertilizing is not possible, what might be one advantage and one disadvantage to hermaphroditism?
As this graph shows, population density typically decreases with increasing body size. Why do you think this is the case? Data in Figure 19.2 Relationship between Population and Body Mass
What do you think would happen if multiple sperm fused with one egg?
Describe the stages of labor.
Which of the following methods will provide information to an ecologist about both the size and density of a population?a. Mark and recaptureb. Mark and releasec. Quadratd. Life table
Which of the following is best at showing the life expectancy of an individual within a population?a. Quadratb. Mark and recapturec. Survivorship curved. Life table

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