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life sciences
separation process principles chemical
Separation Process Principles Chemical And Biochemical Principles 3rd Edition By J. D. Seader, Ernest J. Henley, D. Keith Roper - Solutions
What are the two types of models used to estimate thermodynamic properties?
Toluene is hydrodealkylated to benzene, with a conversion per pass through the reactor of 70%. The toluene must be recovered and recycled. Typical conditions for the feed to a commercial distillation unit are 100οF, 20 psia, 415 lbmol/h of benzene, and 131 lbmol/h of toluene. Using the property
What is the limitation of the Redlich–Kwong equation of state? How did Wilson and Soave modify it to overcome the limitation?
Conditions for the bottoms at 229F and 282 psia from a depropanizer distillation unit in a refinery are given below, including the pure-component liquid densities. Assuming an ideal-liquid solution (volume of mixing ¼ 0), compute the liquid density in lb/ft3, lb/gal, lb/bbl (42 gal), and kg/m3.
What is unique about regular-solution theory compared to other activity-coefficient models for nonideal solutions?
What are the six most widely used methods for estimating liquid-phase activity coefficients?
What very important concept didWilson introduce in 1964?
Isopropanol, with 13 wt% water, can be dehydrated to obtain almost pure isopropanol at a 90% recovery by azeotropic distillation with benzene. When condensed, the overhead vapor from the column forms two immiscible liquid phases. Use Table 2.4 with data in Perry’s Handbook and the data below to
What is a minimum-boiling azeotrope? What is a maximum- boiling azeotrope? Which type is by far the most common?
Acetone can be recovered from air by absorption in water. The conditions for the streams entering and leaving are listed below. If the absorber operates adiabatically, obtain the temperature of the exiting liquid phase using a simulation program. Flow rate, lbmol/h: Air Acetone Water Temperature,
What is the critical solution temperature?
For ethanol(1)-isooctane(2) mixtures at 50οC, the infinitedilution, liquid-phase activity coefficients are and (a) Calculate the cnstants A12 and A21 in the van Laar equations.(b) Calculate the constants L12 and L21 in the Wilson equations.(c) Using the constants from (a) And (b), Calculate
Why must electrolyte-solution activity-coefficient models consider both chemical and physical equilibrium?
Describe three effects of pH on ionization of a weak acid or base that impact biological stability of a protein.
Compare Tris and PBS as buffers in terms of temperature, ionic strength, and solvent effects.
What colloidal features do proteins and DNA exhibit?
What is the relation between the Debye length and the zeta potential?
Describe the role that the following colloidal forces play in biomolecular reactions: electrostatic, steric, solvent, hydrogenbonding, ionic.
Consider the net charge and isoelectric point of an amino acid with an un-ionizable side group.(a) Identify the amino acids that lack an ionizable R-group (Group I).For an amino acid with a side (R-) chain that cannot ionize, derive a general expression in terms of measured pH and known pKa values
Consider the net charge and isoelectric point of an amino acid with ionizable side (R-) group.(a) Identify the acidic amino acid(s) capable of having a negatively charged carboxyl side group.(b) Identify the basic amino acid(s) capable of having a positively charged amino side group.(c) For an
Warfarin (coumadin) binds to human plasma albumin to prevent blood clotting in the reaction Measured thermodynamic values for this reaction at 25οC are ΔG =30.8 kJ/mol, ΔH = 13.1 kJ/mol, and (a) Determine the entropy change for this reaction at 25οC.(b) Determine the fraction of unbound
Prepare total solubility curves for the following species across a broad pH range(a) Caproic acid (C8H16O2) is a colorless, oily, naturally occurring fatty acid in animal fats and oils. Its water solubility is 9.67 g/kg 25οC with a value of pKa = 4.85.(b) The least-soluble amino acid is tyrosine
Different drug candidates are analyzed to determine their affinity to a given receptor. Measured equilibrium dissociation constants are listed in the following table. Rank-order the drug candidates from highest affinity to weakest affinity for the receptor. Drug A B BC с Kp (M) 0.02 x 10 7.01 x
Examination of the binding of a particular hormone to two different receptors yields the data in the following table. What is the reverse (dissociation) rate coefficient, kD, for the release of the hormone from the receptor? Receptor A B KD(M) 1.3 x 107 2.6 x 10-6 KA(M¹s¹) 2.0 × 10² 2.0 × 107
What is meant by diffusion?
Molecular diffusion occurs by any of what four driving forces or potentials? Which one is the most common?
An open tank, 10 ft in diameter, containing benzene at 25οC is exposed to air. Above the liquid surface is a stagnant air film 0.2 in. thick. If the pressure is 1 atm and the air temperature is 25οC, what is the loss of benzene in lb/day? The specific gravity of benzene at 60οF is 0.877. The
What is the bulk-flow effect in mass transfer?
How does Fick’s law of diffusion compare to Fourier’s law of heat conduction?
What is the difference between equimolar counterdiffusion (EMD) and unimolecular diffusion (UMD)?
What is the difference between a mutual diffusion coefficient and a self-diffusion coefficient?
At low pressures, what are the effects of temperature and pressure on the molecular diffusivity of a species in a binary gas mixture?
What is the order of magnitude of the molecular diffusivity in cm2/s for a species in a liquid mixture? By how many orders of magnitude is diffusion in a liquid slower or faster than diffusion in a gas?
By what mechanisms does diffusion occur in porous solids?
Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries, 5th edition, by George T. Austin (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984), contains process descriptions, flow diagrams, and technical data for commercial processes. For each of the fluorocarbons processes on pages 353–355, draw a block-flow diagram of the reaction
What are the two key process operations in chemical engineering?
What are the main auxiliary process operations in chemical engineering?
What are the five basic separation techniques, and what do they all have in common?
Explain, using the laws of thermodynamics, why the separation of a mixture into pure species or other mixtures of differing compositions requires energy to be transferred to the mixture or a degradation of its energy.
Why is mass transfer a major factor in separation processes?
What limits the extent to which the separation of a mixture can be achieved?
What is the most common method used to separate two fluid phases?
What is the difference between an ESA and an MSA? Give
Explain why osmosis is not an industrial separation operation.
What is the most widely used industrial separation operation?
What is the difference between adsorption and absorption?
The degree of separation in a separation operation is often specified in terms of component recoveries and/or product purities. How do these two differ?
What is a key component?
In gas–liquid chromatography, is it essential that the gas flow through the packed tube be plug flow?
What is a multicomponent product?
What are the three types of bioproducts and how do they differ?
Identify the major objectives of the steps in a bio purification process.
Current and future pharmaceutical products of biotechnology include proteins, nucleic acids, and viral gene vectors. Example 1.4 identified five physical and biochemical features of these biological species by which they could be distinguished in a bioseparation; identified a bioseparation
Recombinant protein production from E. coli resulted in the first products from biotechnology. (a) List the primary structures and components of E. coli that must be removed from a fermentation broth to purify a heterologous protein product (one that differs from any protein normally found in
What methods can be used to separate azeotropic mixtures of water and an organic chemical such as ethanol?
Clostridium beijerinckii is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, motile bacterium. Its BA101 strain can ferment starch from corn to a mixture of acetone (A), n-butanol (B), and ethanol (E) at 37C under anaerobic conditions, with a yield of more than 99%. Typically, the molar ratio of bioproducts is
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