a. Use the Young's modulus-Relative cost ( (left.E-C_{v, R} ight)) chart (Fig. 3.26) to find the cheapest materials with a modulus, (E), greater than (100

a. Use the Young's modulus-Relative cost ( \(\left.E-C_{v, R}\right)\) chart (Fig. 3.26) to find the cheapest materials with a modulus, \(E\), greater than \(100 \mathrm{GPa}\).

Fig. 3.26

1000 Modulus relative cost/vol 100 Young's modulus, E (GPa) 10 0.1 10 10 0.01 0.001 Nontechnical ceramics Concrete Wood. Il grain Paper and cardboard Natural materials Wood, grain Rigid polymer foams Foams Flexible polymer foams 0.01 0.1 Technical ceramics ALO SIN B.C WC Zn alloys Stainless sid AIN steels W alloys Carbon steels Silicon Al alloys Cast irons Soda glass Stone Brick Metals CFRP Ni alloys 1/3 E Ti alloys Tir CR Mg alloys SMC PMMA POM Cu alloys Composites GFRP Pb alloys ABS -Nylon CUR PEEK PC PP PUR PE- Polymers E CR PTFE EVA Polyurethane Elastomers Silicone Polyisoprene Natural rubber Neoprene Butyl rubber 10 Relative cost per unit volume, Cv,R 100 Guidelines for minimum cost design MFA 16 1000