The authors of the article cited in the previous exercise also considered the relationship between children’s dental health and their parents’ education level. In the accompanying table, fathers’ education levels are translated from the Italian educational system into the rough US equivalent.

Does the data indicate that parental education is related to the prevalence of cavities in children? State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses, compute the value of χ², and obtain information about the P-value. How would you then answer the question posed?

Data from previous exercise 

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Father's Education