An athlete at the gym holds a 3.0 kg steel ball in his hand. His arm is 70 cm long and has a mass of 3.8 kg, with the center of mass at 40% of the arm length. What is the magnitude of the torque about his shoulder due to the ball and the weight of his arm if he holds his arm
a. Straight out to his side, parallel to the floor?
b. Straight, but 45° below horizontal?