How long does it take to reach steady state? Use simulation, with the Multi-server Simulation.xlsm file, to experiment with the effect of warm-up time and run time on the key outputs. For each of the following, assume a five-server system with a Poisson arrival rate of one per minute and gamma-distributed service times with mean 4.0 minutes and standard deviation 3.1 minutes. For each part, make three separate runs, using a different random number seed on each run.

a. Use a warm-up time of 0 and a run time of 30 minutes.

b. Use a warm-up time of 0 and a run time of 180 minutes.

c. Use a warm-up time of 120 minutes and a run time of 30 minutes.

d. Use a warm-up time of 120 minutes and a run time of 180 minutes.

e. Repeat parts a to d when the mean and standard deviation of service times are 4.8 and 4.2 minutes, respectively. (This should produce considerably more congestion.)