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- Compare/contrast the following terms - How would you explain the differences between the terms? a. Types of age: chronological vs. biological vs. psychological vs. social b. Contextual influences: normative age-graded vs. normative history-graded c. Domains: physical vs. cognitive vs. socioemotional d. Lifespan vs. life expectancy e. Goals of science: description vs. explanation vs. prediction vs. control

2. I. Describe your understanding of each issue in developmental science. II. Come up with at least one question of your own that could be categorized as one of the following issues in developmental science a. Sources of Development b. Plasticity c. Continuity/Discontinuity d. Individual Differences e. Active /Passive development 3. I. Give a summary of each of the following historical theories. II. Indicate which of the issues from question 3 are addressed by each theory. a. Hippocrates' Preformationist View b. Locke's tabula rasa c. Rousseau's biological timetable D. Gessel's maturational theory e. Freud's psychosexual theory 4. a. Explain why the behaviorist perspective developed. b. Identify the theorists who are most associated with behaviorism. What did each of them contribute to the behaviorist perspective? c. Describe classical conditioning. Give an example that illustrates your understanding d. Describe operant conditioning. e. Which type of conditioning is most often used in educational settings? Explain why.

5. a. Describe the idea behind Bandura's (1977) social learning theory. b. How is social learning theory different from behaviorism? c. What is reciprocal determinism? Give an example that illustrates your understanding of it d. Which issue from question 3 does this theory address? e. Among the different types of learning (classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning theory), which have you observed/experienced the most? Explain your answer.

6. a. Describe Piaget's views on cognitive development b. Describe Vygotsky's views on cognitive development c. Which of these theories (Piaget's or Vygotsky's) appeal the most to you? Explain why. d. Explain the difference between assimilation and accommodation. e. Give an example of being in a zone of proximal development.

7. a. Give an example in which intuition is the best way to learn about something. Explain why it is the best approach in the example. b. Give an example in which authority is the best way to learn about something. Explain why it is the best approach in the example. c. Give an example in which rationalism is the best way to learn about something. Explain why it is the best approach in the example. d. Give an example in which empiricism is the best way to learn about something. Explain why it is the best approach in the example. e. Give an example of the scientific method being the best way to learn about something. Explain why it is the best approach in the example. 8. Describe the features of each of the following research methods. When describing the features, identify the characteristics that would help you identify the approach a study uses. a. Descriptive b. Correlational c. Experimental d. Longitudinal e. Cross-sectional