Question: 1. Using examples, explain the concepts of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. 2. Some practitioners and researchers consider OB Mod unethical because it may be viewed

1. Using examples, explain the concepts of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

2. Some practitioners and researchers consider OB Mod unethical because it may be viewed as a way of manipulation. What would be your reaction to such a criticism?

3.Many managers assume that if an employee is not performing well, the reason must be a lack of motivation. Do you think this reasoning is accurate? What is the problem with the assumption?

4.Review Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Do you agree with the particular ranking of employee needs?

5.How can an organisation satisfy employee needs that are included in Maslow's hierarchy?

6.Which motivation theory have you found to be most useful in explaining why people behave in a certain way? Why?

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