Question: A Field Experiment in Rwanda, Paluck notes McGuires critique (1986) of the use of the field study approach for measuring the effects of media influence

A Field Experiment in Rwanda, Paluck notes McGuire’s critique (1986) of the use of the field study approach for measuring the effects of media influence on behavior. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a limitation of the field study designs?

a. poor measures of exposure to the media program

b. poor measures of outcomes

c. no clear identification of a causal relationship between media program and outcomes

d. all of these are limitations of field study designs

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