25. Which of the following is a synapomorphy of stoneworts and land plants? a. Chloroplasts b....

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25. Which of the following is a synapomorphy of stoneworts and land plants? a. Chloroplasts b. Chlorophyll b c. Multicellular sporophyte d. Retention of the egg in the parental organism e. Branched apical growth 26. In a eukaryotic species that has "alternation of generations," a. certain genes are expressed only in every other generation of offspring. b. gametophyte and sporophyte generations alternate obtaining nutrition to support the other generation. c. haploid and diploid stages of the life cycle alternate and both have a multicellular stage. d. gametes are produced by meiosis in diploid stage and by mitosis in the haploid stage of the life cycle. e. progeny are dispersed as both gametes and zygotes during the life cycle. 27. How can nonvascular plants survive on land without true leaves, stems, and roots? a. They are small enough to allow minerals to diffuse throughout their bodies. b. They live in moist habitats. c. They have a thick cuticle to prevent water loss. d. Both a and be. Both b and c 28. The nonvascular plant clades (including moss) require liquid water for fertilization during sexual reproduction because: a. they have no vascular system for transporting water to the developing sporophyte. b. eggs are fertilized by a flagellated sperm that swims to the egg. c. the neck of the archegonium has to degrade to allow the sperm to enter. d. spores must swim to the egg for fertilization. e. embryos develop in a water-filled sac. 29. The most likely reason that nonvascular land plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants is that they lack a. a photosynthetic mechanism. b. an efficient mode of respiration. c. an efficient system for conducting water and minerals long distances against gravity. d. nutrient and water absorption mechanisms. e. effective spore dispersal mechanisms. 30. Protection of the embryo by parental tissue was a defining step in the evolution of a. gymnosperms. b. embryophytes. c. coleochaetophytes. d. green algae. e. streptophytes. 31. The sporophyte of the moss Sphagnum: a. is free-living. b. produces gametes. c. usually produces its own food by photosynthesis. d. depends on the gametophyte for nutrients. e. is larger than the gametophyte. 32. The cuticle was one of the most important adaptations to life on land for plants because it a. protected the plant from desiccation. b. protected the plant from dangerous ultraviolet radiation. c. attracted fungi for a mutually beneficial interaction. d. supported the plant against the pull of gravity. e. helped disperse gametes. 33. Algae: a. are aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotes. b. are also known as streptophytes. c. protect their embryos. d. contain phycoerythrin in their cell walls. e. were the earliest land plants. 34. Plants started growing on land approximately: a. 4.5 billion years ago. b. 450 million years ago. c. 450 thousand years ago. d. 4,500 years ago. e. 450 years ago. 35. All of the following were environmental challenges to plants moving onto land except: a. desiccation. b. the pull of gravity. c. low light conditions. d. a lack of water for dispersal of gametes. e. the availability of nutrients. 36. Which of the following structures in a land plant is haploid? a. Sporangium b. Embryo c. Zygote d. Multicellular gametophyte e. Multicellular sporophyte 37. What feature of eukaryotes makes endosymbiosis possible? a. Nuclear membrane b. Mitochondria c. Flexible cell membrane d. Digestive vacuoles e. Flagella 25. Which of the following is a synapomorphy of stoneworts and land plants? a. Chloroplasts b. Chlorophyll b c. Multicellular sporophyte d. Retention of the egg in the parental organism e. Branched apical growth 26. In a eukaryotic species that has "alternation of generations," a. certain genes are expressed only in every other generation of offspring. b. gametophyte and sporophyte generations alternate obtaining nutrition to support the other generation. c. haploid and diploid stages of the life cycle alternate and both have a multicellular stage. d. gametes are produced by meiosis in diploid stage and by mitosis in the haploid stage of the life cycle. e. progeny are dispersed as both gametes and zygotes during the life cycle. 27. How can nonvascular plants survive on land without true leaves, stems, and roots? a. They are small enough to allow minerals to diffuse throughout their bodies. b. They live in moist habitats. c. They have a thick cuticle to prevent water loss. d. Both a and be. Both b and c 28. The nonvascular plant clades (including moss) require liquid water for fertilization during sexual reproduction because: a. they have no vascular system for transporting water to the developing sporophyte. b. eggs are fertilized by a flagellated sperm that swims to the egg. c. the neck of the archegonium has to degrade to allow the sperm to enter. d. spores must swim to the egg for fertilization. e. embryos develop in a water-filled sac. 29. The most likely reason that nonvascular land plants have never evolved to the size of vascular plants is that they lack a. a photosynthetic mechanism. b. an efficient mode of respiration. c. an efficient system for conducting water and minerals long distances against gravity. d. nutrient and water absorption mechanisms. e. effective spore dispersal mechanisms. 30. Protection of the embryo by parental tissue was a defining step in the evolution of a. gymnosperms. b. embryophytes. c. coleochaetophytes. d. green algae. e. streptophytes. 31. The sporophyte of the moss Sphagnum: a. is free-living. b. produces gametes. c. usually produces its own food by photosynthesis. d. depends on the gametophyte for nutrients. e. is larger than the gametophyte. 32. The cuticle was one of the most important adaptations to life on land for plants because it a. protected the plant from desiccation. b. protected the plant from dangerous ultraviolet radiation. c. attracted fungi for a mutually beneficial interaction. d. supported the plant against the pull of gravity. e. helped disperse gametes. 33. Algae: a. are aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotes. b. are also known as streptophytes. c. protect their embryos. d. contain phycoerythrin in their cell walls. e. were the earliest land plants. 34. Plants started growing on land approximately: a. 4.5 billion years ago. b. 450 million years ago. c. 450 thousand years ago. d. 4,500 years ago. e. 450 years ago. 35. All of the following were environmental challenges to plants moving onto land except: a. desiccation. b. the pull of gravity. c. low light conditions. d. a lack of water for dispersal of gametes. e. the availability of nutrients. 36. Which of the following structures in a land plant is haploid? a. Sporangium b. Embryo c. Zygote d. Multicellular gametophyte e. Multicellular sporophyte 37. What feature of eukaryotes makes endosymbiosis possible? a. Nuclear membrane b. Mitochondria c. Flexible cell membrane d. Digestive vacuoles e. Flagella

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The detailed answer for the above question is provided below 25 c Multicellular sporophyte This is a synapomorphy of stoneworts and land plants because it is a shared derived characteristic that is no... View the full answer