29. After hitting a ball into a water trap, a golfer looks into the pond and spies the ball within apparent easy reach. Reaching in to retrieve the ball, the golfer is surprised to find that it cannot be grasped even with a fully extended arm. Explain why the golfer was deceived into thinking that the location of the ball was close at hand.

31. Rank (from smallest to largest) the angle of refraction for a light ray in air entering each of the following substances with an angle of incidence equal to 30 degree : (a) water, (b) benzene, (c) dense flint glass, (d) diamond.

53. Would a prism made of diamond be better at dispersing light than one made of glass? Why or why not?

55. Describe the accepted model of rainbows. Specifically, discuss how the model accounts for the size, shape, location, and color ordering of primary rainbows.

57. Compare the primary and secondary rainbows as regards their angular size, color ordering, and number of internal reflections that occur in the rain droplets.

59. How is a 22 degree halo formed? Describe a measurement technique you might use to distinguish a genuine 22 degree halo from some other "halo-like" phenomenon seen surrounding the Sun or the Moon.