43. Upper (UCL) and lower control limits (LCL): a. are set by design engineers to a specific product specification b. are dependent on a specific process c. set by a machine operator based on the daily production requirements d. require operator action when the process is outside normal operating range. e. are a critical factor in the success of a TQM program 44. A supplier certification program: a. adds cost to the supplier, but provides few benefits to the supplier b. may enable the buyer and seller to lower costs and improve quality c. may improve quality, but at best will not raise costs d. always improves quality, but usually at a higher purchase price e typically cost more to implement than the value of the quality improvement