8. Using the ionization fraction table for carbonate species, indicate the fraction of all three species at the following pHs (to two decimal places): a) pH = 4 b) pH = 7 c) pH = 10

9. a) Using your fractions from 8b, and a total carbonate concentration of 2 mM, determine the alkalinity of the water in meq/L. Show all work. B) Repeat for 8c

Question 9 only. Information about question8:

(a) Therefore, at pH 4, the ionic fraction of carbonate species is approximately 0.996.

(b) Therefore, at pH 7, the ionic fraction for the carbonate species is 0.9996.

(c) Therefore, at pH 10, the ionic fraction of carbonate species is 0.50.